-- Rystad Energy的策略师周三在一份报告中指出,中东冲突造成的能源基础设施损毁修复成本可能高达580亿美元,其更广泛的连锁反应可能会延误全球能源项目。 仅石油和天然气设施的修复总成本预计就将达到500亿美元,而能源、电力和工业资产的整体修复支出则在340亿美元至580亿美元之间,中间值估计为460亿美元。 Rystad表示,在美伊于4月8日达成停火协议后,该地区部分地区持续遭受军事打击,导致近几周破坏规模扩大。 Satwani表示,尽管重建资金到位,但目前的主要制约因素是设备、承包商和物流能力的获取,而非融资。 “这不再仅仅是海湾地区设施受损的故事,而是对全球能源供应链的一次压力测试,”Rystad Energy供应链研究高级分析师Karan Satwani说道。 “维修工作不会创造新的产能,而是重新分配现有产能。” Rystad 表示,由于承包商仍致力于自 2023 年以来获批的一系列液化天然气和海上项目,工程和建设资源的竞争已经加剧,这增加了全球能源投资出现延误和通胀压力的风险。 该咨询公司表示,恢复时间表因损坏程度和当地执行能力而异,一些受影响较小的设施可在几周内重启。然而,需要更换主要设备的严重受损资产可能需要数年才能恢复。 下游炼油和石化厂占预计成本的最大份额,其次是上游和中游资产。 与此同时,从国家层面来看,伊朗受到的影响最大,潜在的维修成本高达 190 亿美元,这主要是由于南帕尔斯天然气处理设施、石化联合企业以及炼油和出口基础设施的损坏。 雷斯塔德咨询公司表示,卡塔尔的受损情况更为集中,但技术上也更为复杂,主要集中在拉斯拉凡工业城,那里的液化天然气设施和天然气制油资产受到影响,可能导致正在进行的扩建项目进度放缓。 该咨询公司指出,工程、采购和施工活动将占支出的最大份额,并强调设备瓶颈和较长的交付周期将决定恢复速度。 据报道,国际能源署执行主任法提赫·比罗尔表示,自2月28日冲突爆发以来,中东已有超过80处能源设施遭到袭击。
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