-- 欧洲运输与环境联合会周二表示,受中东危机影响,机票价格大幅上涨,分析指出,对化石燃料的依赖是价格飙升的核心驱动因素。 该分析指出,欧洲航空业仍然极易受到石油市场冲击的影响,并认为其主要结构性弱点在于对化石燃料的依赖,而非气候监管。 该分析还指出,尽管排放交易体系和欧盟再燃料计划等政策在加强能源安全方面发挥着重要作用,但一些行业利益相关者却利用地缘政治不稳定来挑战这些政策。 该分析警告称,削弱这些气候框架将加剧全球油价波动带来的脆弱性,而非降低风险。 中东冲突已对能源市场造成广泛冲击,但由于航空业依赖该地区的石油和航空燃油,因此受到的影响尤为严重。 该分析显示,欧盟约95%的原油依赖进口,几乎涵盖了欧盟所有航空燃油生产所需的原料。 欧洲约三分之一的航空燃油需求通过直接进口精炼燃油来满足,其中中东是主要供应国。 分析指出,欧盟约30%的航空燃油供应依赖于经由霍尔木兹海峡的进口,这凸显了重大的地缘政治风险。 航空公司被迫将航班改道,避开不稳定的空域,而中东的几家区域性航空公司也因冲突而停飞。 此次混乱还导致航空燃油短缺,造成航班取消和燃油成本上涨,尽管废弃食用油等原料成本稳定,可持续航空燃油的价格却有所上涨。 分析发现,与化石燃料价格的波动相比,与排放政策相关的合规成本微乎其微,这驳斥了行业关于监管的说法。 短期航空燃油短缺问题应在不损害长期气候目标的前提下得到妥善解决,并敦促政策制定者利用此次危机来加强欧洲的能源独立性。 该分析呼吁欧盟维护排放交易体系,并将收益再投资于航空业,特别是扩大可持续航空燃料的规模,并通过资助项目支持创新。 该分析还建议采取需求侧措施,遏制不必要的航班增长,从而减少对波动性石油进口的依赖,并在短期内提高能源安全。 分析补充说,加强可持续航空燃料强制性规定,包括欧盟可持续航空燃料再融资计划(ReFuelEU)和英国的可持续航空燃料强制性规定,对于建立国内供应体系和确保长期抵御地缘政治动荡至关重要。
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