-- 惠譽評級在近期發布的報告中指出,亞太各國政府已採取多項措施緩解中東能源衝擊帶來的短期信貸影響,但這些措施也給公共財政帶來了壓力。 惠譽表示,各國政府正透過補貼、價格上限、行政限制和能源進口多元化等方式應對能源供應壓力。 越南已將燃油稅暫停期限延長至6月,並將進口關稅取消期限延長至4月。 馬來西亞提高了每月汽油和柴油補貼,而新加坡則提高了企業所得稅退稅額並實施了其他減免措施。 在印度,政府取消了對40種石化產品徵收的全額關稅,同時降低了汽油和柴油的特別消費稅。 惠譽評等表示,這些措施應有助於緩解短期通膨和社會風險,為企業抵禦突發的需求疲軟和經營壓力提供緩衝。 另一方面,惠譽表示,這些措施也給主權資產負債表、國有企業和受監管的能源框架帶來了壓力,對不同主權國家、能源企業和受監管的公用事業實體造成的信用影響各不相同。 該評級機構認為,價格管制會擾亂市場訊號,並可能加劇信用壓力。 惠譽指出,巴基斯坦、菲律賓和泰國允許國內燃料價格波動,而印尼和印度則維持了零售價格不變。 中國將價格提高到低於成本增長的水平,而韓國在未來幾週內不會調整燃料價格上限。 泰國要求降低價格,而菲律賓暫停了電力現貨市場以控制電費上漲。 惠譽認為,這些措施有助於維持短期內的能源價格可負擔性,但會擾亂能源企業在延遲補償下的獲利能力。 惠譽表示,國營企業在應對此次衝擊中日益增長的能源需求支持作用可能會削弱其獨立的信用評級。
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