-- 惠誉评级在近期发布的一份报告中指出,亚太各国政府已采取多项措施缓解中东能源冲击带来的短期信贷影响,但这些措施也给公共财政带来了压力。 惠誉表示,各国政府正通过补贴、价格上限、行政限制和能源进口多元化等方式应对能源供应压力。 越南已将燃油税暂停期限延长至6月,并将进口关税取消期限延长至4月。 马来西亚提高了每月汽油和柴油补贴,而新加坡则提高了企业所得税退税额并实施了其他减免措施。 在印度,政府取消了对40种石化产品征收的全额关税,同时降低了汽油和柴油的特别消费税。 惠誉评级表示,这些措施应有助于缓解短期通胀和社会风险,为企业抵御突发的需求疲软和经营压力提供缓冲。 另一方面,惠誉表示,这些措施也给主权资产负债表、国有企业和受监管的能源框架带来了压力,对不同主权国家、能源企业和受监管的公用事业实体造成的信用影响各不相同。 该评级机构认为,价格管制会扰乱市场信号,并可能加剧信用压力。 惠誉指出,巴基斯坦、菲律宾和泰国允许国内燃料价格波动,而印尼和印度则维持了零售价格不变。 中国将价格提高到低于成本增长的水平,而韩国在未来几周内不会调整燃料价格上限。 泰国要求降低价格,而菲律宾暂停了电力现货市场以控制电费上涨。 惠誉认为,这些措施有助于维持短期内的能源价格可承受性,但会扰乱能源企业在延迟补偿下的盈利能力。 惠誉表示,国有企业在应对此次冲击中日益增长的能源需求支持作用可能会削弱其独立的信用评级。
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