-- 加拿大央行管理委员会周三维持利率不变,仍为2.25%,并暗示油价上涨不会对提振国内生产总值或潜在通胀压力产生显著影响,德斯贾丁斯表示。 加拿大央行在其预测中假设,到2027年年中,布伦特原油价格将跌至每桶75美元左右,这与该行此前的预测大致一致。 尽管如此,政策制定者预计,投资和就业对原油价格上涨的反应将不如以往敏感,因此2026年实际国内生产总值仅增长1.2%,而此前的预测为1.1%。德斯贾丁斯指出,尽管增长结构将有所不同——许多家庭和企业将因能源成本上涨而受到挤压,而一些企业和政府将从中受益——但预计今年经济仍将缓慢消化产能过剩带来的压力。 好消息是,官员们与央行持相同观点,认为油价上涨对核心通胀的溢出效应有限。加拿大央行预计,2026年底核心通胀率将达到2.0%,略低于1月份货币政策报告(MPR)中预测的2.1%。 利率决议的评论还强调了潜在通胀的有利起点。加拿大央行偏好的核心通胀指标在3月份略高于2%,且近几个月来,超过3%的组成部分比例也有所下降。因此,尽管官员们承认高油价带来的成本压力,但央行表示,其操作目标——潜在通胀率——不会受到影响。 周三的货币政策报告还包含了对另一种情景的预测,即油价维持在每桶100美元左右。即使在这种情景下,预计未来几年经济仍将面临困境,因为许多家庭和企业将面临更高的成本,而高油价带来的好处需要滞后才能转化为产油区经济活动的增加。 尽管如此,预测显示总体通胀率将进一步上升,且其持续时间和影响范围远超基准情景预测。据德斯贾丁斯称,加拿大央行行长蒂夫·麦克勒姆似乎暗示,这种情况可能需要连续上调政策利率。 该行补充道,总体而言,除非油价持续高企,否则加拿大央行似乎倾向于在今年剩余时间内维持利率不变。假设油价回落至符合其预期水平,央行的表态表明,目标利率的任何变动都将是小幅的。 德斯贾丁斯认为,这意味着一旦经济全面复苏,央行官员将逐步把政策利率上调至2.75%,即其预估的中性利率区间的中点。该行预计,这些加息措施最早也要到2027年才会出现。
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