-- 加拿大央行管理委員會週三維持利率不變,仍為2.25%,並暗示油價上漲不會對提振國內生產毛額或潛在通膨壓力產生顯著影響,德斯賈丁斯表示。 加拿大央行在預測中假設,到2027年年中,布蘭特原油價格將跌至每桶75美元左右,這與該行先前的預測大致一致。 儘管如此,政策制定者預計,投資和就業對原油價格上漲的反應將不如以往敏感,因此2026年實際國內生產毛額僅成長1.2%,而先前的預測為1.1%。德斯賈丁斯指出,儘管成長結構將有所不同——許多家庭和企業將因能源成本上漲而受到擠壓,而一些企業和政府將從中受益——但預計今年經濟仍將緩慢消化產能過剩帶來的壓力。 好消息是,官員與央行持相同觀點,認為油價上漲對核心通膨的外溢效應有限。加拿大央行預計,2026年底核心通膨率將達到2.0%,略低於1月貨幣政策報告(MPR)中預測的2.1%。 利率決議的評論也強調了潛在通膨的有利起點。加拿大央行偏好的核心通膨指標在3月略高於2%,近幾個月來,超過3%的組成部分比例也有所下降。因此,儘管官員承認高油價帶來的成本壓力,但央行表示,其操作目標——潛在通膨率——不會受到影響。 週三的貨幣政策報告還包含了另一種情景的預測,即油價維持在每桶100美元左右。即使在這種情境下,預計未來幾年經濟仍將面臨困境,因為許多家庭和企業將面臨更高的成本,而高油價帶來的好處需要滯後才能轉化為產油區經濟活動的增加。 儘管如此,預測顯示總體通膨率將進一步上升,且其持續時間和影響範圍遠超基準情境預測。據德斯賈丁斯稱,加拿大央行行長蒂夫·麥克勒姆似乎暗示,這種情況可能需要連續上調政策利率。 該行補充道,總體而言,除非油價持續高企,否則加拿大央行似乎傾向於在今年剩餘時間內維持利率不變。假設油價回落至符合其預期水平,央行的表態表明,目標利率的任何變動都將是小幅的。 德斯賈丁斯認為,這意味著一旦經濟全面復甦,央行官員將逐步把政策利率上調至2.75%,也就是其預估的中性利率區間的中點。該行預計,這些升息措施最快也要到2027年才會出現。
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