-- 根據德斯賈丁銀行4月22日發布的一份報告顯示,美國總統唐納德·川普提名的聯準會主席人選凱文·沃什在本週的確認聽證會上為其宏觀經濟框架的核心論點進行了辯護。 沃什認為,人工智慧將提升經濟的生產潛力,使產出成長更快,而不會重新引發通膨。德斯賈丁銀行指出,他的論點意味著,生產力驅動的經濟擴張可能為寬鬆的貨幣政策創造空間。 沃什的理論與一位前聯準會主席的觀點不謀而合。在1990年代,艾倫·格林斯潘表現出支持而非抑制經濟擴張的意願,部分原因是當時的經濟擴張是由生產力成長所驅動的。然而,德斯賈丁銀行指出,到了90年代末,格林斯潘卻開始升息而非降息。 撇開美國是否真的正處於持久的生產力復興這一懸而未決的問題不談,該銀行表示,沃什的結論似乎與支撐中性利率(也稱r*)估算的標準儲蓄和投資邏輯相悖。 據德斯賈丁銀行稱,在加拿大,加拿大央行行長蒂夫·麥克勒姆提出了與沃什的論點「幾乎截然相反」的觀點。 德斯賈丁銀行指出,麥克勒姆在今年早些時候的一次演講中認為,當經濟增長疲軟反映的是生產能力下降而非週期性需求不足時,降息既有可能“加劇未來的通脹”,也有可能“延緩必要的結構性變革”。 該銀行補充說,沃什和麥克勒姆都犯了一個錯誤,那就是假設(或至少暗示)潛在產出的變化可以直接轉化為合適的政策利率。 德斯賈丁斯表示,對於r-star指標以及圍繞該指標制定的實際政策而言,關鍵在於理想儲蓄與投資之間的平衡。持續的生產力成長通常會透過提升資本需求,推動這種平衡向更高的中性利率靠攏。相反,貿易導致的成長前景惡化通常會透過削弱投資需求和增加儲蓄供給,使這種平衡向相反的方向發展。 德斯賈丁斯補充說:“沃什和麥克勒姆的錯誤在於:將經濟增長速度的變化解讀為利率水平的指導。如果錯誤地執行這一政策,最終可能會產生與經濟體實際需求完全相反的結果。”
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