-- 彭博社週四發布的一份分析報告顯示,由於伊朗衝突擾亂了全球燃料流通,美國對鐵路運輸柴油的需求在3月激增,促使貿易商尋求替代路線和儲存方案。 彭博社引述儲油資訊交換中心Tank Tiger的數據稱,3月與鐵路網路連接的油槽的餾分油儲存需求大幅躍升至25萬桶,高於2月的3萬桶和1月的零需求。所有需求均來自東海岸和墨西哥灣沿岸地區,這些地區是重要的出口樞紐。 4月初的數據顯示,這一趨勢仍在持續,新增儲存需求已達12.5萬桶。 鐵路運輸儲存需求的激增表明,貿易商和煉油商正日益努力利用套利機會。由於中西部柴油價格遠低於沿海市場,各公司正越來越多地將燃料運往供應緊張、價格上漲的出口樞紐。 中東地區的衝突,包括霍爾木茲海峽週邊的動盪,限制了全球原油和成品油的供應,導致這項轉變。彭博社引述能源分析公司Vortexa的數據稱,作為回應,國際市場對美國柴油的需求增強,預計出口量將接近歷史最高水準。 儘管管道運輸仍然是美國國內燃料運輸的主要方式,但運力和路線的限制意味著它們無法始終將中西部地區的產品直接輸送到沿海出口碼頭。鐵路和駁船運輸雖然通常成本更高,但在當前的市場環境下,正變得越來越經濟可行。 3月份,石油產品的鐵路運輸總量達到9,112車皮,比去年同期成長近10%,凸顯了物流模式的轉變。 墨西哥灣沿岸庫存的下降和海外需求的增強導致區域市場供應趨緊,有時甚至推高了現貨柴油價格,使其超過期貨基準價格,這對於通常供應充足的地區來說實屬罕見。 彭博社稱,產業分析師預測,中東地區的貿易中斷持續時間越長,這些非典型的貿易模式(特別是利用鐵路將燃料運往沿海出口樞紐)就越有可能持續下去。
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