-- 彭博社周四发布的一份分析报告显示,由于伊朗冲突扰乱了全球燃料流通,美国对铁路运输柴油的需求在3月份激增,促使贸易商寻求替代路线和储存方案。 彭博社援引储油信息交换中心Tank Tiger的数据称,3月份与铁路网络连接的油罐的馏分油储存需求大幅跃升至25万桶,高于2月份的3万桶和1月份的零需求。所有需求均来自东海岸和墨西哥湾沿岸地区,这些地区是重要的出口枢纽。4月初的数据显示,这一趋势仍在继续,新增储存需求已达12.5万桶。 铁路运输储存需求的激增表明,贸易商和炼油商正日益努力利用套利机会。由于中西部柴油价格远低于沿海市场,各公司正越来越多地将燃料运往供应紧张、价格上涨的出口枢纽。 中东地区的冲突,包括霍尔木兹海峡周边的动荡,限制了全球原油和成品油的供应,导致这一转变。彭博社援引能源分析公司Vortexa的数据称,作为回应,国际市场对美国柴油的需求增强,预计出口量将接近历史最高水平。 尽管管道运输仍然是美国国内燃料运输的主要方式,但运力和路线的限制意味着它们无法始终将中西部地区的产品直接输送到沿海出口码头。铁路和驳船运输虽然通常成本更高,但在当前的市场环境下,正变得越来越经济可行。 3月份,石油产品的铁路运输总量达到9112车皮,比去年同期增长近10%,凸显了物流模式的转变。 墨西哥湾沿岸库存的下降和海外需求的增强导致区域市场供应趋紧,有时甚至推高了现货柴油价格,使其超过期货基准价格,这对于通常供应充足的地区来说实属罕见。 彭博社称,行业分析师预测,中东地区的贸易中断持续时间越长,这些非典型的贸易模式(特别是利用铁路将燃料运往沿海出口枢纽)就越有可能继续下去。
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