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市場傳聞:儘管西方傾向明顯,俄羅斯仍成為敘利亞最大的石油供應國

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-- 根據路透社週五發布的報道,儘管大馬士革傾向於西方,俄羅斯已成為敘利亞的主要石油供應國。 這項進展凸顯了雙方務實的能源夥伴關係,儘管人們對莫斯科支持前領導人巴沙爾·阿薩德(在長達14年的內戰後於2024年12月被推翻)仍存有不滿,但這種夥伴關係依然存在。 據報道,兩名分析人士和三名敘利亞官員表示,大馬士革和莫斯科之間日益增長的石油貿易主要是出於經濟需要,同時也增強了俄羅斯在該國的影響力,俄羅斯在該國擁有重要的海軍和空軍基地。 儘管這種關係有可能進一步加劇敘利亞與歐盟和美國的關係緊張,但官員們承認,大馬士革目前幾乎沒有其他可行的選擇。 儘管多次嘗試聯繫敘利亞能源部,但未能獲得回應。 專家警告稱,這種安排可能會使敘利亞本已脆弱的能源部門面臨西方新一輪制裁的風險。 如果地緣政治緊張局勢升級,特別是涉及烏克蘭的緊張局勢,華盛頓可能會向敘利亞施壓,要求突然停止從俄羅斯進口石油。敘利亞當局意識到這一脆弱性,迄今為止,他們一直在努力尋找替代供應商,包括探索與土耳其達成潛在協議,但都沒有成功。 路透社引述海事分析公司SynMax的話說,敘利亞有限的財政能力,加上多年的衝突,嚴重限制了與傳統油輪業者的合作。 因此,與俄羅斯有關的航運網絡已成為為數不多的切實可行的選擇之一。儘管這些網路可能會給敘利亞重建其商業地位帶來聲譽風險,但迅速轉向標準的全球供應鏈似乎不太可能。 敘利亞對俄羅斯石油的依賴也反映出其市場規模小、購買力弱,阻礙了其與海灣國家等主要產油國談判長期協議的能力。 儘管敘利亞已開始重新融入全球金融體系,例如其在紐約的中央銀行帳戶已重新啟用,但其能源選擇仍有限。 巴沙爾·阿薩德政權倒台後,俄羅斯迅速介入,成為第一個恢復向敘利亞供油的國家。路透社通報稱,2025年,俄羅斯向敘利亞供應了約1,680萬桶石油,平均每天約4.6萬桶。 此後,這一數字已上升至每天約6萬桶。這與伊朗先前作為敘利亞主要原油供應國的情況截然不同。阿薩德政權倒台後,伊朗停止了對敘利亞的供油,造成了巨大的供應缺口。 儘管敘利亞重新控制了一些油田,但其國內石油產量仍遠低於內戰前的水平。 目前敘利亞的石油日產量約為3.5萬桶,而衝突前為35萬桶。據估計,敘利亞的石油日需求量在12萬至15萬桶之間,因此缺口龐大。俄羅斯進口石油目前約佔敘利亞石油需求的三分之一,另有少量石油則從鄰國黎巴嫩走私而來。 這些石油運輸背後的物流錯綜複雜,而且往往不透明。大部分石油透過懸掛多國國旗的受制裁船隻運抵敘利亞,並在國際水域進行船舶轉運,以掩蓋石油的來源和所有權。 分析人士指出,這種做法表明其目的是為了規避制裁並盡可能減少審查。 最終,這種貿易引發了更廣泛的擔憂:究竟誰才是真正的受益者?正如路透社引述一位分析人士的話所說,這個問題不僅限於敘利亞對石油的需求,還包括從這種交易中獲利的受制裁實體網路。 (市場動態新聞來自與全球市場專業人士的對話。這些資訊據信來自可靠來源,但可能包含傳聞和推測。準確性無法保證。)

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