-- 据路透社周五发布的报道,尽管大马士革倾向于西方,俄罗斯已成为叙利亚的主要石油供应国。 这一进展凸显了双方务实的能源伙伴关系,尽管人们对莫斯科支持前领导人巴沙尔·阿萨德(在长达14年的内战后于2024年12月被推翻)仍存有不满,但这种伙伴关系依然存在。 据报道,两名分析人士和三名叙利亚官员表示,大马士革和莫斯科之间日益增长的石油贸易主要是出于经济需要,同时也增强了俄罗斯在该国的影响力,俄罗斯在该国拥有重要的海军和空军基地。 尽管这种关系有可能进一步加剧叙利亚与欧盟和美国的关系紧张,但官员们承认,大马士革目前几乎没有其他可行的选择。 尽管多次尝试联系叙利亚能源部,但未能获得回应。 专家警告称,这种安排可能会使叙利亚本已脆弱的能源部门面临西方新一轮制裁的风险。 如果地缘政治紧张局势升级,特别是涉及乌克兰的紧张局势,华盛顿可能会向叙利亚施压,要求其突然停止从俄罗斯进口石油。叙利亚当局意识到这一脆弱性,迄今为止,他们一直在努力寻找替代供应商,包括探索与土耳其达成潜在协议,但均未成功。 路透社援引海事分析公司SynMax的话说,叙利亚有限的财政能力,加上多年的冲突,严重限制了其与传统油轮运营商的合作。 因此,与俄罗斯有关联的航运网络已成为为数不多的切实可行的选择之一。尽管这些网络可能会给叙利亚重建其商业地位带来声誉风险,但迅速转向标准的全球供应链似乎不太可能。 叙利亚对俄罗斯石油的依赖也反映出其市场规模小、购买力弱,这阻碍了其与海湾国家等主要产油国谈判长期协议的能力。 尽管叙利亚已开始重新融入全球金融体系,例如其在纽约的中央银行账户已重新启用,但其能源选择仍然有限。 巴沙尔·阿萨德政权倒台后,俄罗斯迅速介入,成为第一个恢复向叙利亚供油的国家。路透社报道称,2025年,俄罗斯向叙利亚供应了约1680万桶石油,平均每天约4.6万桶。 此后,这一数字已上升至每天约6万桶。这与伊朗此前作为叙利亚主要原油供应国的情况截然不同。阿萨德政权倒台后,伊朗停止了对叙利亚的供油,造成了巨大的供应缺口。 尽管叙利亚重新控制了一些油田,但其国内石油产量仍远低于内战前的水平。 目前叙利亚的石油日产量约为3.5万桶,而冲突前为35万桶。据估计,叙利亚的石油日需求量在12万至15万桶之间,因此缺口巨大。俄罗斯进口石油目前约占叙利亚石油需求的三分之一,另有少量石油从邻国黎巴嫩走私而来。 这些石油运输背后的物流错综复杂,且往往不透明。大部分石油通过悬挂多国国旗的受制裁船只运抵叙利亚,并在国际水域进行船对船转运,以掩盖石油的来源和所有权。 分析人士指出,这种做法表明其目的是为了规避制裁并尽可能减少审查。 最终,这种贸易引发了更广泛的担忧:究竟谁才是真正的受益者?正如路透社援引一位分析人士的话所说,这个问题不仅限于叙利亚对石油的需求,还包括从这种交易中获利的受制裁实体网络。 (市场动态新闻来源于与全球市场专业人士的对话。这些信息据信来自可靠来源,但可能包含传闻和推测。准确性无法保证。)
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