-- 周二早盘,油价走低。国际能源署表示,由于霍尔木兹海峡基本处于封闭状态,美国封锁伊朗港口,而伊朗继续阻止大部分油轮通过该水道,预计今年石油需求将因供应不足而下降。 5月交割的西德克萨斯中质原油期货价格下跌1.74美元,至每桶97.34美元;6月交割的布伦特原油期货价格下跌0.38美元,至每桶98.98美元。 在战争爆发前,波斯湾国家每天五分之一的石油供应都通过霍尔木兹海峡运输。虽然该地区一些产油国增加了冲突地区以外的管道运输量,但大部分石油供应仍然无法进入市场。美国和伊朗在周末旨在结束冲突的谈判失败后,重新爆发了敌对行动。尽管没有报道称两国正在发动袭击,但美国海军正在阻止进出伊朗港口的船只,而且由于担心伊朗的袭击,很少有船只通过霍尔木兹海峡。 “霍尔木兹海峡(SoH)现在实际上已经完全关闭。伊朗不允许非伊朗石油通过,而美国的封锁也阻止了伊朗石油经由霍尔木兹海峡出口。目前唯一来自中东的石油是通过东西向输油管道从沙特阿拉伯输送到红海的延布,”SEB Research首席大宗商品策略师比雅恩·希尔德罗普(Bjarne Schieldrop)写道。 供应冲击导致现货油价远高于期货价格,各国竞相争夺稀缺的供应。《华尔街日报》报道称,周一,30天后交割的布伦特原油期货价格为每桶132.74美元,因为急需石油的买家面临着供应短缺的问题。 国际能源署在其月度石油市场报告中表示,供应短缺导致需求下降。该机构预计,今年石油需求将下降8万桶/日,这是自疫情爆发以来的首次下降,比此前的预测下降了73万桶/日。 报告指出:“最初,石油消费量降幅最大的地区是中东和亚太地区,主要集中在石脑油、液化石油气和航空煤油。然而,随着短缺和高价持续,需求下降的趋势将会蔓延。” 该机构表示,由于霍尔木兹海峡关闭以及伊朗袭击波斯湾地区的石油基础设施,3月份石油供应量下降了1010万桶/日,至9700万桶/日。上个月全球石油库存减少了8500万桶,其中中东以外地区的库存减少了2.05亿桶。 报告指出:“恢复霍尔木兹海峡的石油运输仍然是缓解能源供应、价格和全球经济压力的最重要因素……通过该海峡的运输仍然受到严重限制,原油、天然气凝析液和成品油的装载量平均约为380万桶/日,而危机爆发前的2月份这一数字超过2000万桶/日。”
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