-- 受中東衝突導致能源價格大幅上漲的影響,美國3月份消費者物價指數(CPI)加速攀升至近四年來的最高月度水準。 美國勞工統計局週五公佈的數據顯示,3月CPI上漲0.9%,創下2022年6月以來的最大成長率。這項最新數據與彭博社民調的預期基本一致。 2月份CPI上漲0.3%。 3月CPI年漲幅從2月的2.4%升至3.3%,低於華爾街先前3.4%的預期。 牛津經濟研究院首席美國經濟學家伯納德·亞羅斯(Bernard Yaros)在發給的電子郵件中表示:“美以伊戰爭的影響在3月份的CPI中顯而易見。” 本週早些時候,美國和伊朗達成了為期兩週的停火協議。這場始於2月底的戰爭迅速蔓延至整個中東地區,並切斷了至關重要的霍爾木茲海峽的運輸,導致能源價格大幅上漲。 官方數據顯示,3月能源價格較上月上漲約11%,其中汽油價格飆漲21%,幾乎佔整體漲幅的四分之三。燃油價格上漲31%。 能源指數較去年同期上漲約13%。 亞羅斯警告稱,由於加油站油價持續上漲,下一次公佈的CPI數據將「異常強勁」。 亞羅斯表示:“與政府停擺相關的統計異常現象將會消退,這將給4月份的CPI帶來另一個不尋常的上行壓力。此外,能源價格衝擊也將逐漸蔓延至食品和其他核心價格。” 官方數據顯示,3月食品價格與上月持平,但年增2.7%。 剔除波動較大的食品和能源價格後的核心通膨率從2月的2.5%上升至3月的2.6%,低於市場預期的2.7%。此指標較上季維持在0.2%不變,而市場預期成長率將加快至0.3%。 道明經濟高級經濟學家托馬斯·費爾特梅特在一份報告中指出:「儘管核心價格指數略低於預期,但考慮到能源成本飆升可能會在未來幾個月推高其他商品和服務的價格,目前的指數似乎有些滯後。與此同時,關稅成本上漲的影響也將持續傳導,這意味著通膨的短期走勢可能走高。」 週四公佈的政府數據顯示,美國2月以個人消費支出衡量的通膨率環比加快,但聯準會更青睞的核心通膨指標保持穩定。 聯準會主席亞羅斯週五表示:“美聯儲將把能源供應衝擊視為一次性通脹推高,並將密切關注就業市場的任何疲軟跡象。” “只要長期通脹預期保持穩定,我們仍然認為美聯儲將在今年晚些時候出手幹預,兩次降息以應對能源供應衝擊,從而提振勞動力市場。” 據芝商所FedWatch工具顯示,市場普遍預期聯準會將在本月稍後維持基準貸款利率不變。
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