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受歐佩克+重組和霍爾木茲海峽局勢動盪加劇的影響,原油價格連續第二週上漲

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-- 全球原油基準價格連續第二週上漲,能源市場正努力應對霍爾木茲海峽封鎖加劇以及阿聯酋退出歐佩克(該聯盟出現歷史性裂痕)帶來的挑戰。 西德州中質原油(WTI)週五收在每桶102.5美元,高於前一周的每桶94.88美元;布蘭特原油期貨結算價也走高,報每桶109.2美元,高於一週前的每桶105.98美元。 包括布蘭特原油和西德州中質原油在內的兩大原油基準價格週比分別上漲3.5%和8%。 盛寶銀行分析師表示:“布倫特原油價格在周四觸及戰時高點後仍維持在高位,目前沒有跡象表明美國和伊朗會很快解除對霍爾木茲海峽的封鎖,這將延長並加劇供應緊張局面。” 本週市場波動劇烈,其根源在於前所未有的地緣政治供應衝擊以及歐佩克+聯盟的結構性轉變。 本週開盤可面臨巨大壓力。在中東地區持續九週的衝突之後,霍爾木茲海峽實際上仍然對重要的商業航運關閉。 截至週二,經該海峽的石油出口量已暴跌至每日僅380萬桶,與危機前超過2000萬桶/日的水平相比,降幅驚人。 盛寶銀行分析師補充道:“一家大型石油公司警告稱,一些國家即將面臨嚴重的石油短缺。然而,週四的急劇逆轉凸顯了市場正處於上升階段,但任何突然的寬鬆消息都可能導致市場暴跌——這使得交易員面臨的形勢異常嚴峻。” 週三,布蘭特原油價格連續第七個交易日上漲,達到2022年俄烏危機高峰以來的最高水準。 本周中期,市場最重大的事件是阿聯酋意外宣布將於5月1日正式退出歐佩克及其「歐佩克+」聯盟。 阿聯酋的退出是繼卡達和安哥拉退出以來最重大的一次,引發了人們對剩餘歐佩克成員國未來能否繼續遵守配額紀律的嚴重質疑。 目前,市場正在權衡阿聯酋增產帶來的長期利空潛力與中東供應封鎖帶來的短期利多。 週五,美國財政部外國資產控制辦公室發布警報,警告與伊朗相關的霍爾木茲海峽過境付款存在製裁風險,並指出全球企業和金融機構可能面臨風險敞口。 「與停靠伊朗港口的船舶相關的海事行業參與者面臨著多項針對伊朗航運業和港口的製裁措施帶來的重大風險,美國財政部外國資產控制辦公室(OFAC)將繼續大力打擊伊朗的主要收入來源部門,特別是其石油和石化部門……」OFAC的警示稱。 OFAC補充說,伊朗可能尋求透過政府發行的法定貨幣、數位資產、抵銷、互換或實物支付(包括向伊朗紅新月會等機構捐款)的方式進行支付。 OFAC表示,除非獲得特別授權或豁免,美國制裁禁止美國公民和受美國控制的外國實體與伊朗政府進行交易。 川普週五對記者表示,一旦戰爭結束,石油和汽油價格將暴跌。 「戰爭結束後,汽油價格將會暴跌,因為現在有大量石油已經裝載到油輪上,而這些油輪無法駛出霍爾木茲海峽,」川普說,並補充說汽油價格可能會跌至歷史新低。 美國總統形容美國海軍的封鎖「令人難以置信」。 「封鎖令人難以置信,威力強大,百分之百令人難以置信。如果我們現在撤軍,我們將取得一場巨大的勝利,但我們不會這樣做,我們正在與他們談判,」川普說。 同時,市場仍處於現貨溢價狀態,現貨價格高於遠期合約價格,顯示在強勁需求下,即期供應緊張。 當期貨價格徘徊在每桶110美元左右時,由於煉油商爭相搶購原油,一些地區的現貨原油價格一度接近每桶150美元,兩者之間出現了巨大的價格脫節。 供應方面,美國能源資訊署週三發布的周報顯示,截至4月24日當週,美國原油庫存下降620萬桶,至4.595億桶。 美國能源資訊署(EIA)表示,目前原油庫存比五年同期平均高出約1%。 貝克休斯公司(BKR)週五公佈的數據顯示,截至5月1日當週,美國石油鑽井平台數量較前一週的407座增加1座,達到408座。而去年同期,美國石油鑽井平台數量為472座。 北美油氣鑽井平台總數(未來產量水準的關鍵早期指標)較前一週減少4座,從674座降至670座。 美國商品期貨交易委員會(CFTC)週五發布的最新交易商持股報告顯示,截至4月28日當週,WTI原油期貨和選擇權市場的基金經理人維持了淨多頭部位。 數據顯示,基金經理人報告的多頭部位為219,650個,較4月21日減少827個;空頭部位增加7,073個,達到84,149個。 分析師預計,未來一周,市場仍將高度關注任何有關霍爾木茲海峽交通或停火談判的消息。

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