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受欧佩克+重组和霍尔木兹海峡混乱加剧的影响,原油价格连续第二周上涨

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-- 全球原油基准价格连续第二周上涨,能源市场正努力应对霍尔木兹海峡封锁加剧以及阿联酋退出欧佩克(该联盟出现历史性裂痕)带来的挑战。 西德克萨斯中质原油(WTI)周五收于每桶102.5美元,高于前一周的每桶94.88美元;布伦特原油期货结算价也走高,报每桶109.2美元,高于一周前的每桶105.98美元。 包括布伦特原油和西德克萨斯中质原油在内的两大原油基准价格周环比分别上涨3.5%和8%。 盛宝银行分析师表示:“布伦特原油价格在周四触及战时高点后仍维持在高位,目前没有迹象表明美国和伊朗会很快解除对霍尔木兹海峡的封锁,这将延长并加剧供应紧张局面。” 本周市场波动剧烈,其根源在于前所未有的地缘政治供应冲击以及欧佩克+联盟的结构性转变。 本周开盘便面临巨大压力。在中东地区持续九周的冲突之后,霍尔木兹海峡实际上仍然对重要的商业航运关闭。 截至周二,经该海峡的石油出口量已暴跌至每日仅380万桶,与危机前超过2000万桶/日的水平相比,降幅惊人。 盛宝银行分析师补充道:“一家大型石油公司警告称,一些国家即将面临严重的石油短缺。然而,周四的急剧逆转凸显了市场正处于上升阶段,但任何突然的宽松消息都可能导致市场暴跌——这使得交易员面临的形势异常严峻。” 周三,布伦特原油价格连续第七个交易日上涨,达到自2022年俄乌危机高峰以来的最高水平。 本周中期,市场最重大的事件是阿联酋意外宣布将于5月1日正式退出欧佩克及其“欧佩克+”联盟。 阿联酋的退出是继卡塔尔和安哥拉退出以来最重大的一次,引发了人们对剩余欧佩克成员国未来能否继续遵守配额纪律的严重质疑。 目前,市场正在权衡阿联酋增产带来的长期利空潜力与中东供应封锁带来的短期利好。 周五,美国财政部外国资产控制办公室发布警报,警告称与伊朗相关的霍尔木兹海峡过境付款存在制裁风险,并指出全球企业和金融机构可能面临风险敞口。 “与停靠伊朗港口的船舶相关的海事行业参与者面临着多项针对伊朗航运业和港口的制裁措施带来的重大风险,美国财政部外国资产控制办公室(OFAC)将继续大力打击伊朗的主要收入来源部门,特别是其石油和石化部门……”OFAC的警示称。 OFAC补充说,伊朗可能寻求通过政府发行的法定货币、数字资产、抵消、互换或实物支付(包括向伊朗红新月会等机构捐款)的方式进行支付。 OFAC表示,除非获得特别授权或豁免,美国制裁禁止美国公民和受美国控制的外国实体与伊朗政府进行交易。 特朗普周五对记者表示,一旦战争结束,石油和汽油价格将暴跌。 “战争结束后,汽油价格将会暴跌,因为现在有大量石油已经装载到油轮上,而这些油轮无法驶出霍尔木兹海峡,”特朗普说,并补充说汽油价格可能会跌至历史新低。 美国总统形容美国海军的封锁“令人难以置信”。 “封锁令人难以置信,威力强大,百分之百令人难以置信。如果我们现在撤军,我们将取得一场巨大的胜利,但我们不会这样做,我们正在与他们谈判,”特朗普说。 与此同时,市场仍处于现货溢价状态,现货价格高于远期合约价格,表明在强劲需求下,即期供应紧张。 当期货价格徘徊在每桶110美元左右时,由于炼油商争相抢购原油,一些地区的现货原油价格一度接近每桶150美元,两者之间出现了巨大的价格脱节。 供应方面,美国能源信息署周三发布的周报显示,截至4月24日当周,美国原油库存下降620万桶,至4.595亿桶。 美国能源信息署(EIA)表示,目前原油库存比五年同期平均水平高出约1%。 贝克休斯公司(BKR)周五公布的数据显示,截至5月1日当周,美国石油钻井平台数量较前一周的407座增加1座,达到408座。而去年同期,美国石油钻井平台数量为472座。 北美油气钻井平台总数(未来产量水平的关键早期指标)较前一周减少4座,从674座降至670座。 美国商品期货交易委员会(CFTC)周五发布的最新交易商持仓报告显示,截至4月28日当周,WTI原油期货和期权市场的基金经理维持了净多头头寸。 数据显示,基金经理报告的多头头寸为219,650个,较4月21日减少827个;空头头寸增加7,073个,达到84,149个。 分析师预计,未来一周,市场仍将高度关注任何有关霍尔木兹海峡交通或停火谈判的消息。

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