-- 受成本上升和需求疲软的双重打击,日本4月份服务业增速放缓至11个月以来的最低水平。与此同时,企业提价速度创历史新高,加剧了市场对日本央行可能加息前通胀压力不断上升的担忧。 标普全球市场情报公司(S&P Global Market Intelligence)汇编的数据显示,4月份au Jibun银行日本服务业采购经理人指数(PMI)从3月份的53.4降至51,创下自2025年5月以来的最低增速。高于50则表明经济增长。 新业务增速也放缓至去年10月以来的最低水平。由于中东冲突带来的不确定性以及物价高企抑制了海外销售,出口需求五个月来首次出现萎缩。 与此同时,受与冲突相关的燃料和进口成本上涨以及日元贬值的影响,投入成本以一年来最快的速度上涨。企业将这些成本转嫁给消费者,导致售价涨幅创下自2007年该调查开始以来的第三高。 综合制造业和服务业采购经理人指数(PMI)从53小幅回落至52.2,尽管制造业产出在需求提前释放的背景下实现了12年多来的最快增速。 标普全球市场情报公司经济副总监安娜贝尔·菲德斯表示:“基础数据显示,经济放缓源于服务业增长乏力,而制造业产出增速创下12年多来的最快,这主要是由于中东战争导致需求提前释放。” 这些数据进一步表明,日本经济正步入一个对政策制定者而言更为艰难的阶段,经济活动放缓与持续的通胀压力同时出现。 “战争前景的不确定性以及未来物价上涨和消费者需求疲软的可能性,持续抑制着商业信心。值得注意的是,对未来一年的乐观情绪跌至2020年8月新冠疫情爆发以来的最低水平,”菲德斯补充道。 另一项政府数据显示,3月份实际工资同比增长1%,连续第三个月增长;名义工资上涨2.7%,达到317,254日元。然而,工资增长仍然落后于通胀,消费者价格上涨1.6%。 服务需求疲软和物价压力加速上升的双重压力,可能会使日本央行的政策前景更加复杂,因为市场越来越预期央行会在6月份加息。日本央行在4月份维持利率不变,但警告称,随着企业继续提高工资和物价,通胀可能会超出预期。
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