-- 全球原油基準價格週五錄得周線下跌,先前受美伊停火協議影響,油價本週稍早跌破每桶100美元大關。 西德州中質原油(WTI)週五收在每桶95.63美元,低於前一周的每桶111.54美元;布蘭特原油期貨結算價為每桶94.36美元,低於一週前的每桶109.24美元。 盛寶銀行分析師指出:“沙烏地阿拉伯表示,由於能源基礎設施遭到襲擊,其產能已有所下降。儘管如此,在美伊宣布停火後,原油期貨本週跌幅超過10%,仍有望創下6月以來的最大單週跌幅。” 本週開始,由於美以伊三國衝突升級,油價週一一度突破每桶110美元。 然而,週三,在川普總統宣布由巴基斯坦斡旋的為期兩週的「暫停轟炸」和停火協議後,油價走勢急轉直下。 這引發了歷史性的拋售潮,WTI 5月期貨和布倫特6月期貨在單日內均下跌近16-20%,一度觸及93-94美元附近的低點,原因是交易員們預期霍爾木茲海峽可能重新開放。 然而,隨著德黑蘭週四指責華盛頓違反了停火協議的十點框架,並引用美國持續在黎巴嫩的無人機入侵和空襲,市場對停火的樂觀情緒逐漸消退,風險溢價開始回落。 與此同時,美國總統唐納德·川普週四警告伊朗,此前有報道稱,儘管達成了停火協議,但通過霍爾木茲海峽的航運仍然受到很大限制,德黑蘭已開始對通過該重要水道的油輪收取過境費。 儘管外交上取得了突破,但船東們仍然受到戰爭風險保險費、油輪週轉中斷以及伊朗在霍爾木茲海峽徵收過境費的持續威脅等問題的困擾。 海事數據顯示,自停火開始以來,只有少數非伊朗油輪成功通過了霍爾木茲海峽,因為像赫伯羅特這樣的全球航運巨頭拒絕在安全得到保障之前恢復航線。 即使停火得以維持,澳新銀行的分析師預計,短期內石油日產量只能部分恢復200萬至300萬桶,而且由於基礎設施受損,很可能永久損失100萬至200萬桶/日的產能。 摩根大通的分析師表示,“自衝突爆發近六週以來,海灣地區超過60處能源基礎設施受到無人機和導彈襲擊的影響,其中約50處遭受了不同程度的損壞。” 國際貨幣基金組織(IMF)週四表示,超過80%的國家是石油淨進口國,這意味著在此次衝擊期間,全球大多數經濟體將面臨能源成本上漲和供應中斷的風險。 IMF補充說,供應下降也擾亂了煉油作業,因為在原油供應減少的情況下,煉油廠難以維持最低加工量。 供應方面,美國能源資訊署(EIA)週三發布的週報顯示,截至4月3日當週,美國原油庫存增加310萬桶,達到4.647億桶。 貝克休斯公司(BKR)週五發布的數據顯示,截至4月10日當週,美國石油鑽井平台數量與上週持平,為411座。一年前,美國有472座石油鑽井平台在運作。 北美油氣鑽井平台總數(未來產量水準的關鍵早期指標)較前一週減少10座,從前一週的690座降至680座。根據美國商品期貨交易委員會(CFTC)週五發布的最新交易商持股報告(COT),截至4月7日當週,WTI原油期貨和選擇權市場的基金經理人維持了淨多頭部位。 數據顯示,基金經理人報告的多頭部位為223,091手,較3月31日增加8,334手;空頭部位也增加1,213手,達到85,253手。
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