-- 加拿大豐業銀行表示,加拿大對美國的出口份額正逐步下降,預計2024年平均為76%,去年為72%,到2026年2月將降至66%。 該行在上週發布的報告中指出,這一趨勢主要受對美國出口下降和對其他地區(主要是歐洲)出口成長的影響。 2月份,加拿大對美國的出口較上季成長4.4%,但與2024年同期相比下降10.4%。 1月表現疲軟後,對其他國家的出口成長10.5%,與2024年同期相比成長42.4%,但這主要是由於黃金出口量增加所致。進口方面,2月加拿大從美國的進口份額略有下降,從2024年的62%降至59%。 加拿大繼續受益於其出口總額相對較低的有效關稅稅率。根據加拿大豐業銀行基於關稅實施前貿易流量的最新估計,自2024年底以來,加美貿易關稅增幅為3.1%,這主要得益於《美墨加協定》(CUSMA)下加拿大與美國的大部分貿易繼續保持免稅狀態。這一增幅低於2月的4.5%,原因是美國根據《國際緊急經濟權力法》(IEEPA)對特定國家徵收的關稅被10%的全球統一關稅所取代。 據報道,美國從加拿大進口商品實際繳納的平均關稅連續第三個月略高於3%,低於六個月前的近4%。鑑於2月底的關稅調整,3月這一數字可能會進一步下降。該銀行指出,目前加美進口商品中面臨關稅的比例已穩定在10%左右。 美國的貿易逆差已回落至接近關稅實施前的水準。受關稅影響,美國貿易在2025年初出現顯著波動,之後趨於穩定。 2月份,美國出口成長4.2%,進口成長4.3%,導致貿易逆差擴大至570億美元,低於2024年約700億美元的預期。 美國進口關稅持續推高該國的通膨壓力,最新數據顯示,關稅對美國消費者物價指數的累積影響接近1個百分點,加上近期油價上漲,讓美國降息前景蒙上陰影。 加拿大豐業銀行指出,關稅和不確定性依然居高不下且瞬息萬變。儘管以10%的臨時全球關稅取代美國《國際緊急經濟權力法》(IEEPA)關稅對加拿大有利,但加拿大絕大多數貿易都符合規定,因此不受這些關稅的影響。產業關稅對加拿大的影響最大,且未受近期政策變動的影響。
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