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加拿大蒙特利爾銀行對加拿大未來一天的展望

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-- 市場普遍預期加拿大央行將於週三上午9:45(美國東部時間)維持利率不變。蒙特利爾銀行(BMO)也認為,除非經濟成長和/或通膨環境發生重大變化,否則加拿大央行將在2026年之前維持利率不變。 加拿大央行也計劃於週三上午10:30(美國東部時間)舉行記者會。 在經濟成長方面,近期數據表現良好,第一季實際國內生產毛額(GDP)年化成長率為1.5%,第二季預計將回落至1.0%。消費者支出穩健,財政刺激措施也起到支撐作用,但就業成長停滯,企業投資和房屋市場低迷。事實上,所有這些都表明加拿大經濟仍低於潛在水平,並且與加拿大央行3月18日所說的「偏向下行」的風險相符。 加拿大央行在最新發布的貨幣政策報告(MPR)中預計第一季經濟成長率為1.8%,而BMO預計此次更新將圍繞央行對第二季度的預測展開。先前的MPR報告也預測2026年經濟成長率為1.1%,與BMO目前1.0%的預測基本一致。 BMO指出,值得注意的是,近幾個月來,通膨數據對央行而言較為有利,央行可能會忽略汽油價格的暫時上漲,並排除目前正在實施的幾項稅收改革的影響。截至3月份,核心通膨率已回落至2%左右,而去年同期水準較低。所有四個主要通膨指標(中位數、調整後通膨率、CPIX以及剔除食品和能源價格後的通膨率)的三個月年化通貨膨脹率均在2%或以下。 如果沒有伊朗衝突,這將為正在考慮放鬆貨幣政策的央行打開大門。然而,市場仍在消化2026年下半年貨幣政策收緊的預期。加拿大央行認為這種預期可能過高,至少需要三個月的短期核心通膨走高以及通膨壓力擴大的證據——截至3月份,這兩個指標均已趨於有利。 蒙特利爾銀行補充道,週三發布的貨幣政策報告還將更新潛在成長率和中性利率的預期。人口和勞動力成長大幅放緩已拉低潛在成長率,而貿易不確定性也抑制了生產力成長。這些因素應會使今年和2027年的潛在成長率維持在1%左右。 同時,加拿大央行不太可能調整其對中性利率區間的評估,該區間目前設定為2.25%至3.25%,這意味著目前的2.25%政策利率仍處於該區間的低端。鑑於國內因素,尤其是勞動力成長停滯,加拿大央行普遍認為該評估有一定的下行風險。但央行指出,全球利率,尤其是美國的利率,會影響加拿大的利率中性水平——而且聯邦公開市場委員會(FOMC)的長期利率中位數實際上較一年前有所上調。 據蒙特利爾銀行(BMO)稱,紐芬蘭和拉布拉多省將於週三晚些時候在高油價環境下提交其2026/2027財年預算。

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