-- 市场普遍预期加拿大央行将于周三上午9:45(美国东部时间)维持利率不变。蒙特利尔银行(BMO)也认为,除非经济增长和/或通胀环境发生重大变化,否则加拿大央行将在2026年之前维持利率不变。 加拿大央行还计划于周三上午10:30(美国东部时间)举行新闻发布会。 在经济增长方面,近期数据表现良好,第一季度实际国内生产总值(GDP)年化增长率为1.5%,预计第二季度将回落至1.0%。消费者支出稳健,财政刺激措施也起到支撑作用,但就业增长停滞,企业投资和住房市场低迷。事实上,所有这些都表明加拿大经济仍低于潜在水平,并且与加拿大央行3月18日所说的“偏向下行”的风险相符。 加拿大央行在最新发布的货币政策报告(MPR)中预计第一季度经济增长率为1.8%,而BMO预计此次更新将围绕央行对第二季度的预测展开。此前的MPR报告还预测2026年经济增长率为1.1%,这与BMO目前1.0%的预测基本一致。 BMO指出,值得注意的是,近几个月来,通胀数据对央行而言较为有利,央行可能会忽略汽油价格的暂时上涨,并排除目前正在实施的几项税收改革的影响。截至3月份,核心通胀率已回落至2%左右,而去年同期水平较低。所有四项主要通胀指标(中位数、调整后通胀率、CPIX以及剔除食品和能源价格后的通胀率)的三个月年化通胀率均在2%或以下。 如果没有伊朗冲突,这将为正在考虑放松货币政策的央行打开大门。然而,市场仍在消化2026年下半年货币政策收紧的预期。加拿大央行认为这种预期可能过高,至少需要三个月的短期核心通胀走高以及通胀压力扩大的证据——截至3月份,这两个指标均已趋于有利。 蒙特利尔银行补充道,周三发布的货币政策报告还将更新潜在增长率和中性利率的预期。人口和劳动力增长大幅放缓已拉低潜在增长率,而贸易不确定性也抑制了生产率增长。这些因素应会使今年和2027年的潜在增长率维持在1%左右。 与此同时,加拿大央行不太可能调整其对中性利率区间的评估,该区间目前设定为2.25%至3.25%,这意味着目前的2.25%政策利率仍处于该区间的低端。鉴于国内因素,尤其是劳动力增长停滞,加拿大央行普遍认为该评估存在一定的下行风险。但央行指出,全球利率,尤其是美国的利率,会影响加拿大的利率中性水平——而且联邦公开市场委员会(FOMC)的长期利率中值实际上较一年前有所上调。 据蒙特利尔银行(BMO)称,纽芬兰和拉布拉多省将于周三晚些时候在高油价环境下提交其2026/2027财年预算。
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