-- 加拿大皇家银行资本市场(RBC Capital Markets)策略师周一表示,随着开发商优先考虑成本、可靠性和上市速度,而非长期的脱碳目标,天然气将在美国人工智能驱动型数据中心快速扩张的过程中发挥决定性作用。 RBC分析师表示,到2030年,与数据中心增长相关的天然气需求可能达到每日约61亿立方英尺,而该行此前预计这一拐点将在未来十年晚些时候出现。 此次上调反映了项目规模的扩大以及项目在天然气供应充足且基础设施完善的地区的地域集中。RBC分析师表示:“能源强度、项目位置以及对可靠基荷电力的需求,共同推动了到2030年天然气使用量将大幅增加。” RBC表示,这一激增凸显了能源因素如何重塑人工智能数据中心的建设格局,超大规模运营商越来越多地将项目集中在德克萨斯州和弗吉尼亚州等天然气供应更充足的地区。 这两个州合计约占已投入运营、规划和在建数据中心容量的40%,而佐治亚州、俄亥俄州、伊利诺伊州、亚利桑那州、路易斯安那州和宾夕法尼亚州由于有利的监管环境和靠近燃料资源的优势,正在迅速崛起。 该银行预测,在乐观情景下,到2030年数据中心电力需求可能达到580太瓦时,而到2035年,随着芯片效率的提升速度超过人工智能工作负载的能耗,长期来看,电力需求将接近900太瓦时。 然而,为了满足这一需求,开发商正在采取双管齐下的电力采购策略:一方面扩大并网发电规模,另一方面同时建设自建数据中心。 加拿大皇家银行(RBC)表示,在电网方面,表前天然气发电装机容量激增,目前约有64吉瓦的项目正在排队等待到2030年并网,是2025年初计划水平的两倍多。 平均电厂规模也在扩大,这反映了支持大型人工智能园区所需的规模。与此同时,超大规模企业正在加速推进表后战略,宣布将建设超过100吉瓦的现场燃气发电项目,以绕过拥堵的并网排队,确保可靠、不间断的电力供应。 RBC分析师表示,随着开发商寻求避免延误并保护客户免受不断上涨的电价影响,这种模式正在获得发展动力。这也符合行业承诺,即投资专用基础设施,而不是仅仅依赖公共电网。 分析师指出,“天然气已成为短期内这两种模式的核心燃料”,理由是其供应充足、成本相对较低,并且与全球能源市场相比,不易受到地缘政治波动的影响。 与此同时,美国能源部预测,目前有36.6吉瓦的数据中心容量正在建设中,另有201.5吉瓦正在规划中。尽管一些项目可能无法实现,但这些规划项目凸显了开发商的巨大兴趣以及区域电力系统日益增长的压力。 德克萨斯州处于这一扩张的前沿,仅数据中心的并网申请在德克萨斯州电力可靠性委员会(ERCOT)市场就达到了356吉瓦。这一扩张促使监管机构改革审批流程,这可能会提高透明度,但也可能延缓项目进度。 路易斯安那州在推出发电快速审批规则后,正成为新的热点地区,而宾夕法尼亚州则因其靠近光纤网络和阿巴拉契亚天然气盆地而吸引着投资。开发商还将数据中心与专用天然气发电厂相结合,以缓解当地电网的压力。
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