-- 加拿大皇家銀行資本市場(RBC Capital Markets)策略師週一表示,隨著開發商優先考慮成本、可靠性和上市速度,而非長期的脫碳目標,天然氣將在美國人工智慧驅動型資料中心快速擴張的過程中發揮決定性作用。 RBC分析師表示,到2030年,與資料中心成長相關的天然氣需求可能達到每日約61億立方英尺,而該行此前預計這一拐點將在未來十年稍後出現。 此次上調反映了項目規模的擴大以及項目在天然氣供應充足且基礎設施完善的地區的地域集中。 RBC分析師表示:“能源強度、項目位置以及對可靠基荷電力的需求,共同推動了到2030年天然氣使用量將大幅增加。” RBC表示,這一激增凸顯了能源因素如何重塑人工智慧資料中心的建設格局,超大規模營運商越來越多地將專案集中在德州和維吉尼亞州等天然氣供應更充足的地區。 這兩個州合計約佔已投入營運、規劃和在建資料中心容量的40%,而喬治亞州、俄亥俄州、伊利諾州、亞利桑那州、路易斯安那州和賓州因有利的監管環境和靠近燃料資源的優勢,正在迅速崛起。 該銀行預測,在樂觀情境下,到2030年資料中心電力需求可能達到580太瓦時,而到2035年,隨著晶片效率的提升速度超過人工智慧工作負載的能耗,長期來看,電力需求將接近900太瓦時。 然而,為了滿足這項需求,開發商正在採取雙管齊下的電力採購策略:一方面擴大併網發電規模,另一方面同時建造自建資料中心。 加拿大皇家銀行(RBC)表示,在電網方面,表前天然氣發電裝置容量激增,目前約有64吉瓦的項目正在排隊等待到2030年併網,是2025年初計畫水準的兩倍多。 平均電廠規模也在擴大,這反映了支援大型人工智慧園區所需的規模。同時,超大規模企業正在加速推進表後策略,宣布將建造超過100吉瓦的現場燃氣發電項目,以繞過擁塞的併網排隊,確保可靠、不間斷的電力供應。 RBC分析師表示,隨著開發商尋求避免延誤並保護客戶免受不斷上漲的電價影響,這種模式正在獲得發展動力。這也符合產業承諾,即投資專用基礎設施,而不是僅依賴公共電網。 分析師指出,“天然氣已成為短期內這兩種模式的核心燃料”,理由是其供應充足、成本相對較低,並且與全球能源市場相比,不易受到地緣政治波動的影響。 同時,美國能源部預測,目前有36.6吉瓦的資料中心容量正在建置中,另有201.5吉瓦正在規劃中。儘管一些項目可能無法實現,但這些規劃項目凸顯了開發商的巨大興趣以及區域電力系統日益增長的壓力。 德州處於這一擴張的前沿,僅數據中心的併網申請在德克薩斯州電力可靠性委員會(ERCOT)市場就達到了356吉瓦。這項擴張促使監管機構改革審批流程,可能會提高透明度,但也可能延緩專案進度。 路易斯安那州在推出發電快速審批規則後,正成為新的熱點地區,而賓州則因其靠近光纖網路和阿巴拉契亞天然氣盆地而吸引投資。開發商也將資料中心與專用天然氣發電廠結合,以緩解當地電網的壓力。
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