-- 雷斯塔能源(Rystad Energy)策略師週二表示,阿聯酋退出歐佩克及其更廣泛的歐佩克+聯盟,這對該組織管理全球石油市場的能力造成了重大打擊,並引發了人們對未來協調供應政策的質疑。 這個海灣國家日產量約480萬桶,並計劃進一步提高產量。阿聯酋一直是少數幾個能夠調整供應以應對市場衝擊的成員國之一。 雷斯塔能源地緣政治分析主管豪爾赫·萊昂(Jorge Leon)週二在一份市場報告中指出:“歐佩克和歐佩克+的實力始終取決於成員國保留石油的意願。失去一個擁有大量剩餘產能的成員國,無疑會使該組織失去一項重要的工具。” 阿聯酋的退出使該產油國集團失去了一項核心影響力機制:可用於抵消供應中斷或撤出以支撐油價的剩餘產能。 萊昂表示,此舉削弱了該組織長期應對供需失衡的能力。 雷斯塔德顧問公司表示,短期內,持續存在的地緣政治風險,包括霍爾木茲海峽封鎖,可能會限制此舉對油價的影響。霍爾木茲海峽封鎖持續為全球供應流動帶來不確定性。 然而,其長期影響更為深遠。該顧問公司指出,由於集團內部的閒置產能減少,歐佩克+可能難以調整產量並維持價格穩定。 這項轉變正值全球石油需求接近潛在高峰之際,改變了低成本生產商的激勵機制。擁有可用產能的國家可能會優先考慮最大化產量並保護市場份額,而不是在配額制度下限制產量。 此舉可能會對沙烏地阿拉伯帶來更大的壓力,迫使其承擔更大比例的產量調整以穩定市場。雷斯塔德顧問公司的分析師表示,沙烏地阿拉伯可能難以獨自承擔這一角色。 盛寶銀行策略師表示,阿聯酋退出歐佩克和歐佩克+標誌著全球石油政策的轉變,而此時持續不斷的伊朗衝突已擾亂全球能源流動,並導致全球商業和戰略原油庫存銳減。 盛寶銀行大宗商品策略主管奧勒·斯洛特·漢森表示:“阿聯酋正抓住退出歐佩克的機會,擺脫限制其利用不斷增長產能的產量限制。” 近年來,在阿布達比國家石油公司(ADNOC)主導的上游投資推動下,阿聯酋的產能穩定成長。盛寶銀行指出,在上個月產量降至220萬桶/日之前,阿聯酋的產量曾攀升至約360萬桶/日。 該國目前的原油產能約為485萬桶/日,目標在2027年達到500萬桶/日。 同時,斯巴達商品公司(Sparta Commodities)的分析師表示,阿聯酋退出後,產油國聯盟的長期凝聚力再次受到質疑,儘管對全球石油平衡的直接影響仍然有限。 分析師表示:「就短期而言,由於霍爾木茲海峽關閉,這對石油平衡的影響微乎其微。」他們補充說,如果歐佩克+集團恢復其在市場上的先前角色,其影響將在長期內更為顯著。 從長遠來看,阿聯酋的產量預計將從其在歐佩克+集團約340萬桶/日的配額增加到約450萬至480萬桶/日。斯巴達表示,這項變革可能會向市場注入更多原油,可能對油價構成下行壓力。 Price Futures高級市場分析師菲爾弗林表示,隨著阿聯酋退出歐佩克+,該國正尋求擺脫歐佩克+的束縛,從而提升石油產量,實現更大的自主權。 弗林指出,阿聯酋長期以來一直受到過時的產量基準的限制,該基準設定於2018年左右,約為320萬桶/日。然而,此後,這個海灣國家對上游產能進行了大量投資,使其產量潛力在未來幾年內超過500萬桶/日。
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