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分析師稱,美國對伊朗石油的封鎖可能導致中國每日石油進口量減少超過100萬桶。

-- 美國針對伊朗石油出口的海上封鎖可能會對中國造成重大打擊,可能導致中國每天損失超過100萬桶價格大幅折扣的原油供應,但業內專家告訴,中國已做好充分準備應對任何短期中斷。 中國是伊朗石油的主要買家,佔伊朗原油出口的90%之多。根據三位產業分析師向透露的預測,中國每天進口110萬至150萬桶伊朗石油,約佔其原油進口總量的10%至14%。 據斯巴達商品公司研究主管尼爾·克羅斯比稱,3月份,由於中東衝突升級可能導致供應中斷,中國積極增加庫存,伊朗原油進口量飆升至每日180萬桶。克羅斯比稱中國是伊朗石油經濟的生命線。 星展銀行能源研究主管蘇夫羅·薩卡爾在發給的電子郵件中表示:「雖然這一數量對全球最大進口國而言並非系統性的關鍵,但它代表著極具吸引力的折扣供應,支撐著中國獨立煉油商的利潤。因此,供應中斷與其說是實際短缺,不如說是中國下游行業成本上漲和利潤。」 美國對伊朗港口的封鎖於美國東部時間週一上午10點正式開始,據報道,伊朗譴責此舉為「海盜行為」。 據報道,市場專家一直在猜測,美國的封鎖是否也是為了間接向北京施壓,因為伊朗石油的「黑市」交易主要由中國主導。 克羅斯比表示:「封鎖嚴重限制了中國獲取折扣黑市原油的管道(此前中國已失去部分委內瑞拉原油供應),迫使中國艱難轉型,因為目前來自俄羅斯的陸上替代管道已接近滿負荷運轉,而委內瑞拉的原油供應也越來越多地被轉移到美國市場。」 他補充說:“因此,北京可能會被迫按照華盛頓的計劃重塑其供應鏈,迫使中國以更高的標準市場價格直接從美國或美國控制的渠道購買更多原油來填補缺口。” 據獨立能源市場顧問馬姆杜·薩拉梅博士稱,在伊朗衝突爆發前,中國已積累了約14億桶戰略和商業原油儲備,是主要經濟體中應對石油供應衝擊準備最充分的國家。 「中國自身石油日產量達450萬桶,其最親密的戰略盟友俄羅斯是其王牌,透過安全的管道以及從俄羅斯北極地區經由北方海路向中國供應其大部分石油、液化天然氣和天然氣需求,」他說。 薩拉梅補充說,能源安全是中國的首要任務,旨在滿足其經濟需求。中國以購買力平價計算是全球最大的經濟體,根據國際貨幣基金組織的數據,其經濟規模比美國大約37%。 薩卡爾同意薩拉梅的觀點,他表示,中國有能力在短期內應對供應衝擊,其龐大的戰略和商業儲備足以滿足數月的進口需求,同時還可以增加從俄羅斯、其他中東產油國和巴西等替代供應商的採購。 薩卡爾表示:“然而,替代伊朗原油價格不菲,這將削弱北京通過受制裁的貿易渠道悄然積累的經濟優勢。長此以往,這可能會加速中國的能源多元化戰略,深化與其他能源出口國的聯繫,並加強包括加速電氣化在內的長期能源安全措施。” 薩卡爾指出,儘管中國將封鎖視為一種脅迫性的經濟手段,並認為這是對其供應鏈實施制裁的不良先例,但中國在外交上可能會避免直接對抗,而是圍繞全球穩定和能源自由流動來構建自身立場,同時支持談判,但目前不會扮演主導角色。 克羅斯比表示:「中國並沒有採取咄咄逼人或與美國結盟的調解角色,而是保持戰略上的模糊性;其主要目標僅僅是恢復市場穩定,確保能源供應安全,同時避免深陷中東衝突,尤其是在即將於2026年5月舉行的特朗普-習近平峰會之前。」 據報道,美伊談判代表正在考慮最早於本週末重返巴基斯坦繼續會談。儘管美伊調解人對緩和局勢框架和重啟談判表示樂觀,但雙方在伊朗核計畫問題上根深蒂固的摩擦仍然阻礙著最終解決方案的達成。

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