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分析师称,霍尔木兹港交通停滞,全球12%原油供应中断。

-- 克拉克森研究公司董事总经理斯蒂芬·戈登告诉,截至4月10日,全球共有12%的石油产量处于停产状态,即使在停火协议生效后,针对区域油气基础设施的袭击仍在继续。 周末美伊谈判陷入僵局,导致美国从周一上午10点(美国东部时间)起封锁了往返伊朗港口的船只。这给霍尔木兹海峡带来了新的不确定性,该海峡的油轮通行量仍远低于冲突前的水平。 戈登表示,霍尔木兹海峡的油轮通行量近日出现“小幅增长”,周日记录到16艘次通行,使停火后的日均通行量达到13艘。这高于停火前一周的日均11艘和3月份的日均7艘。 克拉克森研究公司的数据显示,冲突前,霍尔木兹海峡的日均油轮通行量约为125艘。 周日,共有九艘西行船只驶入海湾,这是自冲突爆发以来单日入港船只数量最多的一次。数据显示,这些船只的通行量占当日总通行量的56%,而3月份的平均水平为35%。 周日的通行船只包括两艘入港原油油轮,其中一艘正前往伊拉克装货,以及一艘与巴基斯坦有关联的阿芙拉型原油运输船。此外,还有两艘成品油轮、六艘散货船、三艘支线集装箱船、两艘化学品油轮和一艘液化石油气运输船。 周六,三艘超大型原油运输船驶出海湾,载有约600万桶伊拉克和沙特阿拉伯原油,总货物价值约7.5亿美元。相比之下,3月份的典型日通行量约为200万桶,价值约1.9亿美元;而2025年的典型日通行量则为1500万桶,价值约10.5亿美元。 船东仍然不愿穿越海峡。戈登表示:“过去三天(截至4月10日),墨西哥湾原油油轮以正常航速航行的时间仅占8%,高于上个月的4%,但仍远低于1月至2月的32%,据报道,大多数船东仍然不愿过境。” 戈登强调,石油和天然气基础设施(例如东西输油管道)的罢工促使进口商寻求替代原油来源。 戈登说:“寻找替代供应的‘争夺’仍在继续,延布原油装载量略微下降至每日400万桶……而美国原油出口量预计将在未来几周内超过每日500万桶。” 克拉克森研究公司的数据显示,东西向输油管道已于周末恢复至700万桶/日的最大输送能力。过去一周,延布港原油装载量平均为400万桶/日,较3月初增长约300万桶/日。 戈登指出,如果霍尔木兹输油管道的运输量持续受限,未来几周可能出现进一步的战略性原油释放。日本已于周五宣布第二次提取霍尔木兹原油库存。 他表示:“虽然日本释放的原油很可能用于国内运输,但提取美国原油可能会导致长途油轮运输需求进一步增加。” 此外,戈登还表示,过去几天原油运输成本略有下降,但仍“非常高”。 针对伊朗决定对超大型油轮(VLCC)征收200万美元的过境费,Xeneta首席分析师彼得·桑德解释说,VLCC通常载有约200万桶原油,这意味着每桶原油的过境费实际上只有1美元。桑德认为,相对于原油价格的整体波动而言,这笔费用“微不足道”。 桑德对美国发展金融公司(USDFC)的再保险计划能否有效恢复霍尔木兹海峡的航运表示怀疑。“问题在于,随着战争的持续,威胁是真实存在的。这不再仅仅是战争风险保险了,”他说道,并补充说,在目前的情况下,该框架并没有起到任何实际作用。 桑德在回复的电子邮件中表示,伊朗征收的过境费违反了《联合国海洋法公约》(UNCLOS),任何船舶运营商都不太可能支付这笔费用。 Control Risks海事安全主管科马克·麦加里表示,船东的犹豫不决不仅仅是出于经济方面的考虑。 “很多船东现在都乐意花200万美元把船从海湾地区弄出来,但很少有人愿意把这笔钱付给伊朗,因为他们更担心制裁的执行,”麦加里说。 两位分析师都对美国发展公司(DFC)的再保险计划不以为然。 美国发展公司(DFC)已被授权滚动承保400亿美元的海上再保险。本月初,DFC宣布了除丘博保险(CB)为主要承保人之外的其他承保人,其中包括旅行者保险公司(TRV)和伯克希尔·哈撒韦公司(BKR.A)等。 “DFC的计划根本没有填补任何空白,而且似乎从根本上误解了海上战争风险市场,”麦加里说。 “我们的情况早已远不止于此,”桑德说,并补充道,在目前的情况下,DFC并没有起到任何实际作用。 戈登表示,冲突爆发前,全球20%的石油供应经由霍尔木兹海峡运输。这其中包括37%的海运原油贸易和19%的海运成品油贸易。 此外,全球19%的液化天然气贸易(约占全球天然气供应的3%)以及28%的液化石油气贸易(约占全球供应的10%)也经由霍尔木兹海峡运输。

Price: $327.09, Change: $-2.89, Percent Change: -0.88%

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