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分析人士称,中东冲突持续将促进电动汽车和可再生能源的发展。

-- 分析人士指出,旷日持久的中东冲突将强化交通电气化和可再生能源普及的必要性,但由于各国优先考虑经济韧性而非投资,转型仍需数年时间才能完成。 如果冲突持续六个月,将对全球经济造成不利影响,因为化石燃料供应冲击会导致能源价格飙升和通货膨胀。 这将促使各国政府采取紧急措施缓解财政压力(其中一些措施已经实施),而不是投资清洁能源,尽管清洁能源的转型迫在眉睫且必不可少。 “各国政府在进口成本飙升和国际资本撤离的双重压力下,可能会发现能源转型虽然必要,但根本无法与眼前的经济生存压力抗衡,”丰盛气候行动研究所的郑艾米(Amy Zheng)表示。 郑艾米认为,战争暴露了许多国家对石油和天然气的依赖性,使得能源转型更加紧迫和不可或缺,但同时也更加难以负担。 许多国家目前正努力恢复能源安全,并已加强了支持可再生能源的政策,尽管短期内装机容量不太可能大幅增长。 “这种动态与能源冲击的运作方式一致:价格和安全担忧率先出现,而结构性投资应对措施则滞后出现,” 认证和风险管理服务提供商 DNV 表示。 该公司指出,这场始于 2 月下旬的战争尚未导致交通电气化或可再生能源部署速度显著加快,即使紧张局势持续六个月,也可能不会造成“真正”的需求下降。 “但其影响以及进一步推动这一趋势的因素已经出现,” DNV 强调。 能源智库 Ember 预测,主要受汽油价格飙升影响的亚洲国家,例如菲律宾、新加坡、越南和澳大利亚,将迎来电动汽车“前所未有的快速普及”。 与此同时,由于公共交通基础设施不足,乘用车是日常必需品的越南、泰国和印度尼西亚,可能会在电动汽车普及方面处于领先地位。 中国电动汽车出口市场预计将保持强劲,国内电动汽车普及率也将快速增长,这得益于中国强大的电池供应链支撑下的产能。 DNV指出,过去三周,中国电池制造商的股票增幅超过了国际油气公司,这表明在油价上涨的背景下,市场参与者押注电动汽车和储能技术。 印度能源经济与金融分析研究所的Saurabh Trivedi表示,在印度,“应对油价飙升的更直接反应可能是减少出行或推迟购车,而不是直接转向电动汽车。” Trivedi表示,虽然三轮车领域的电动汽车转型可能会继续,但由于电动汽车前期成本较高,印度乘用车市场将面临融资挑战,而有针对性的政策支持可以降低这一成本。 鉴于欧洲是能源进口地区,易受全球价格冲击的影响,电动汽车的普及率在欧洲可能会上升。但据DNV和Tradition Energy称,战争带来的积极需求增长可能不会持续到长期。 美国的情况可能有所不同,油价上涨似乎不太可能促使消费者改变消费习惯。 Tradition Energy分析师Gary Cunningham表示:“如果油价持续高企,电动汽车的销量可能会有所增长,但我们目前尚未看到足够的增长势头来创造新的需求,因为美国消费者只是默默承受成本上涨,而不是迅速做出改变。” Cunningham指出,同样,鉴于美国受战争影响不大,可再生能源在美国的扩张也不太可能。美国现任政府也致力于延长燃煤电厂的使用寿命,并在一些风电项目建设后期阶段提出了反对意见。 预计缺乏大量石油和天然气储量的国家将成为能源转型的主要推动力,尽管太阳能等一些更经济的替代能源已经出现,但有限的投资能力仍将构成挑战。 基础设施建设需要数年时间,但当前的冲突可能会加快可再生能源、电池和核能的发展进程,因为各国政府都将重点放在能源供应安全和能源独立上。

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