-- 能源與清潔空氣研究中心(CREA)週二表示,與2025年3月相比,霍爾木茲海峽關閉後的第一個月,全球化石燃料發電總量略有下降。 儘管各國仍在努力應對這場被譽為史上最嚴重的能源衝擊,但與一年前相比,部分化石燃料使用量的轉移似乎緩解了目前天然氣供應面臨的壓力。 CREA的結論是基於涵蓋全球87%燃煤發電量和超過60%燃氣發電量的資料集。 整體而言,3月化石燃料發電量比去年同期下降了1%,其中燃氣發電量下降了4%,燃煤發電量維持不變。 當月海運煤炭運輸量下降了3%,降至2021年以來的最低水準。 CREA認為,這與認為危機將導致燃煤發電量上升的觀點相違背。報告指出,2025年太陽能和風能裝置容量將達到創紀錄水平,從而降低對化石燃料發電的需求。 中國能源監管機構(CREA)表示,若排除中國,僅考慮擁有即時電力數據的國家,燃煤發電量下降了3.5%。同時,這些國家的太陽能發電量增加了14%,風能發電量增加了8%。 水力發電量也成長了2%,但核電發電量同時出現更大幅度的下降。 鑑於中國龐大的燃煤發電裝置容量和豐富的煤炭資源,中國3月份的燃煤發電量增加了2%,這一趨勢在意料之中。儘管如此,CREA指出,2026年3月的燃煤發電量仍比2024年同期水準低6%。 整體而言,3月發電量年增,但具體增幅未予說明。這凸顯了伊朗衝突的影響更體現在交通運輸領域,各國政府正集中精力透過降低燃油稅和減少出行需求來緩解危機。 值得注意的是,CREA指出,2025年新增的太陽能和風能發電量將是危機前霍爾木茲海峽液化天然氣(LNG)總輸電量的兩倍。 然而,電力需求總體上仍在快速成長,交通運輸電氣化和資料中心的部署被視為未來幾年電力需求成長的主要來源,這將導致新建燃氣發電廠的渦輪機交付週期延長。
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