-- 根据伍德麦肯兹(Wood Mackenzie)的一份报告,美国风电装机容量预计将在2026年大幅增长,在建项目达15.4吉瓦,预计新增装机容量为11吉瓦,而2025年为8.2吉瓦。 该报告预计,到2030年,新增风电装机容量将达到48吉瓦,其中2026年将是过去五年中装机量最高的一年。 伍德麦肯兹高级研究分析师迭戈·埃斯皮诺萨(Diego Espinosa)表示:“尽管政策存在诸多不确定性,但美国风电市场在2025年之前展现出了惊人的韧性。” 他将此归功于开发商能够继续根据《一项宏伟法案》(One Big Beautiful Bill Act)的框架获得税收抵免。 预计陆上风电将成为近期新增装机容量的主要驱动力,2026年至2028年间预计新增装机容量约为24吉瓦,其中约84%的装机容量已进入后期阶段,包括在建项目。 报告指出,从区域来看,增长正变得更加多元化,西部地区预计将引领增长,占新增装机容量的64%,而德克萨斯州预计将在2028年重回榜首。 海上风电也正在加速发展,项目执行速度超出预期,预计到2027年将有6吉瓦的装机容量投入运营。 伍德麦肯兹公司指出,联邦政策的波动和审批延误是该行业面临的主要风险,这些风险持续影响着投资者的信心。 报告强调,联邦航空管理局和国防部的审查是最大的制约因素,预计到2025年,积压的审批数量将增加五倍,达到5000台。除此之外,成本压力上升已成为该行业面临的主要制约因素。目前,涡轮机价格较 2022 年上涨了 22%,预计到 2029 年,由于关税的影响,价格还将上涨 5%。 然而,强劲的基本面继续支撑着长期前景。据伍德麦肯兹估计,目前有 183 吉瓦的大负荷装机容量已投入建设或签订了长期供应协议。 埃斯皮诺萨表示:“尽管目前面临一些不利因素,但支撑美国风电发展的基本面依然强劲。”他指出,电力需求不断增长、经济效益具有竞争力,并且联邦政府也提供了税收抵免支持。
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