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伍德麦肯兹表示,中东冲突扰乱太阳能供应链,加剧成本压力。

-- 伍德麦肯兹策略师周五在一份报告中指出,中东冲突正在扰乱太阳能项目的执行,延缓替代制造中心的建设,加剧全球供应链紧张,并重新带来成本压力。 伍德麦肯兹高级研究分析师兼全球太阳能供应链主管亚娜·赫里什科表示,该地区在建项目正受到短期影响,目前约有110吉瓦的太阳能装机容量正在建设或处于开发后期阶段。 由于物流和运输路线的不确定性日益增加,开发商和工程、采购及施工承包商正在推迟发货、调整交付计划并重新评估采购时间表。 主要海上通道风险的上升推高了运费和保险成本,预计这将使区域项目资本支出增加1%至3%,而某些项目的调试时间也被推迟了数月。 赫里什科表示,这种混乱局面正在蔓延至全球市场。自冲突爆发以来,从中国到欧洲的运输成本不断攀升,其中前往鹿特丹的航线上涨了约18%,前往南欧的航线上涨了约10%。 开发商正在消化这些成本上涨,这与此前预期太阳能行业成本持续下降的趋势截然相反。 尽管短期影响显著,但伍德麦肯兹的分析师表示,其长期影响可能更为深远。 中东地区凭借低成本能源、优惠的产业政策以及毗邻主要市场的地理优势,正逐渐崛起为潜在的太阳能制造中心。 伍德麦肯兹宣布,该地区组件、电池和上游环节的产能已超过30吉瓦,旨在满足国内和出口需求。 然而,持续不断的冲突正在延缓项目进度,推迟投资决策,并将重点转向提升运营韧性。 此次生产放缓不仅限于组件组装,还波及到太阳能玻璃、铝制框架和安装支架等关键配套组件,而这些组件对于构建具有竞争力的本地供应链至关重要。 伍德麦肯兹预测,全球供应链多元化进程可能因此停滞。此次中断非但没有加速替代制造基地的发展,反而加剧了对现有供应链的依赖,尤其是在中国,因为中国的规模和成本优势仍然无可匹敌。 同样,美国上游供应的脆弱性也日益凸显。尽管预计到2026年,美国组件组装产能将达到50-60吉瓦,但国内太阳能电池产量仍然有限,导致制造商依赖进口。 伍德麦肯兹指出,这些供应中有相当一部分来自目前面临地缘政治风险加剧的地区,例如阿曼和埃塞俄比亚。 该咨询公司预测,如果供应中断成为现实,美国可能会失去20-25%的外部电池供应,这可能导致电池价格每瓦上涨0.2至0.4美元,并影响项目的经济效益和扩张计划。

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