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伍德麦肯兹表示,东南亚将目光投向深水天然气以抵消供应下降。

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-- 伍德麦肯兹(Wood Mackenzie)策略师周一在一份报告中指出,东南亚正开启新一轮深水天然气开发浪潮,旨在释放约28万亿立方英尺的资源。然而,脆弱的项目经济效益和执行风险可能会考验该地区的交付能力。 伍德麦肯兹表示,到2030年,这些项目预计需要超过200亿美元的投资,因为各国政府和运营商都在寻求弥补日渐成熟的浅水和陆上气田产量下降带来的损失。 伍德麦肯兹高级研究分析师穆尼什·库马尔(Munish Kumar)表示:“东南亚的浅水和陆上天然气田正在迅速成熟,这使得开发曾经被认为风险过高、成本过高的深水资源变得尤为必要。” 这项投资涵盖印度尼西亚、马来西亚和文莱,标志着伍德麦肯兹(Wood Mackenzie)所称的亚洲“深水2.0”阶段,此前在2008年至2017年间也曾出现过一波深水项目。 该咨询公司表示,之前的深水项目虽然具备商业可行性,但由于监管、地质和商业方面的障碍,未能保持发展势头。 伍德麦肯兹分析师表示,此次重新聚焦深水项目正值能源安全问题日益严峻之际。 印度尼西亚的非伴生气产量已较2018年的峰值下降超过12%,而文莱在2030年后需要每天额外供应5亿立方英尺天然气才能维持液化天然气出口。 马来西亚也正日益依赖海上开发,预计到2027年,深水天然气产量将占其天然气总产量的约20%。 伍德麦肯兹表示,主要开发项目包括印尼库泰盆地的北加纳尔(North Ganal)、拉帕克(Rapak)和加纳尔(Ganal)项目,北苏门答腊的南安达曼(South Andaman)气田,文莱的克利当(Kelidang)气田,以及马来西亚的罗斯玛丽-马约拉姆(Rosmari-Majoram)项目。 “这些项目将为国内市场和液化天然气出口工厂提供关键的天然气供应,以取代不断下降的传统天然气产量,”库马尔表示。 运营商包括意大利埃尼集团(Eni)和壳牌(Shell)等全球能源巨头,以及马来西亚国家石油公司(Petronas)和阿布扎比穆巴达拉能源公司(Mubadala Energy)等国家石油公司,后者正在该地区进军深水开发领域。 然而,尽管大多数项目具有重要的战略意义,伍德麦肯兹公司表示,在基本假设条件下,这些项目的内部收益率约为15%,低于全球同类深水开发项目的收益率。 项目经济效益对成本超支、定价和延误高度敏感。该咨询公司表示,资本支出增加20%,或天然气价格或产量出现类似幅度的下降,都可能导致项目价值缩水约150%,而三年的延误则可能使收益减半。 “如果没有渐进式的财政机制来分担风险,几乎没有任何缓冲空间来应对执行失败,”库马尔说道。

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