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伍德麦肯兹公司称,核聚变产业正在扩张;预计5年内将建成商业化电站。

-- 伍德麦肯兹(Wood Mackenzie)周五表示,由于近期技术突破,核聚变产业正在加速发展,多家公司有望在未来五年内建成商业规模的聚变电站。 据该研究公司称,自2022年以来,已投入运行的聚变电站数量和在建项目数量分别增长了15%和53%。 作为近期的一项突破,Helion Energy公司的聚变电站达到了创纪录的1.5亿摄氏度等离子体温度,约为太阳中心温度的十倍。 这家初创公司预计将于2028年启动其首个聚变电站的运营,并已与微软(MSFT)签署了50兆瓦的购电协议,同时还可能与OpenAI达成一项5吉瓦的协议。 与此同时,联邦聚变系统公司(Commonwealth Fusion Systems)计划在2030年代初在弗吉尼亚州开发一座并网规模的聚变发电厂,并已与Alphabet(GOOG)旗下的谷歌公司签署了一份200兆瓦的购电协议。 另一家聚变公司Inertia计划于2030年破土动工建设其首个并网规模的试点工厂,该公司已于今年2月筹集了4.5亿美元的资金。 伍德麦肯兹公司(Wood Mackenzie)表示:“如果聚变公司能够按计划交付运行中的工厂,它们将能够与小型模块化反应堆(SMR,新一代裂变电站)的供应商保持同步发展。” 据该研究公司称,到2050年,预计523吉瓦的下一代核电装机容量中,小型模块化反应堆将占据很大一部分,但聚变电站可能会占据部分市场份额,尤其是在2040年之后。 支持性政策和私营部门的参与对聚变产业的扩张至关重要。 美国能源部高级研究计划署(ARPA-E)近期宣布投入1.35亿美元用于推进相关技术的发展,与此同时,全球私营企业已筹集约105亿美元用于支持该行业。 伍德麦肯兹公司预测,到今年年底,聚变能源领域的投资将达到约150亿美元。 该研究公司表示:“各国为减少对进口石油和天然气的依赖所做的努力将为该行业的增长注入新的动力。”该公司还指出,中东地区旷日持久的冲突可能导致该地区到2050年对能源进口的依赖程度降低一半。 伍德麦肯兹公司表示:“聚变能源最初可能贡献甚微,但其作用将逐渐增强。”

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