-- 伍德麦肯兹(Wood Mackenzie)周三在一份报告中指出,由于伊朗战争导致中东能源供应中断,各国争相寻求替代能源以确保电力供应,全球对动力煤的需求和价格因此飙升。 自2月底战争爆发以来,霍尔木兹海峡水道实际上已经关闭,严重影响了石油和液化天然气的供应。 然而,由于包括澳大利亚、印度尼西亚、俄罗斯、南非和哥伦比亚在内的主要出口国并不直接依赖该航道,因此对动力煤贸易的影响甚微。 伍德麦肯兹分析师表示,液化天然气供应中断和天然气价格上涨带来的显著连锁反应,导致亚洲和欧洲等对价格敏感的市场更倾向于转向煤炭。 伍德麦肯兹大宗商品首席分析师苏什米塔·瓦兹拉尼(Sushmita Vazirani)表示:“在如此大规模的供应冲击下,煤炭成为保障能源安全的关键后备方案。” “尽管亚洲各国都做出了脱碳承诺,但液化天然气供应趋紧和价格高企正在加速燃料重新转向煤炭。” 3月份,纽卡斯尔离岸价(FOB)6000千卡/公斤煤炭的平均价格为每吨126美元,近期交易价格上涨至每吨132美元,而2月份的价格为每吨114美元。 伍德麦肯兹表示,战前每吨约112美元的边际成本可能会进一步上涨,原油价格上涨预计将部分解释这一飙升。 报告指出,原油价格每上涨10美元/桶,煤矿场地成本就会上涨1至3美元/吨,这将加剧本已紧张的市场压力。 “柴油价格上涨给煤炭生产商造成了成本压力,而市场却要求增加供应。在澳大利亚,对进口柴油的严重依赖增加了额外的风险,可能会限制产量并加剧全球市场的紧张局势,”瓦兹拉尼说。
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