-- 伍德麥肯茲(Wood Mackenzie)週二表示,伊朗戰爭引發的供應危機導致全球能源格局發生前所未有的重組。歐洲轉向北美原油以彌補中東供應的缺口,同時向亞洲出口過剩的汽油和燃料油。 3月初,中東原油日流量下降60%,至590萬桶,2月初為1,870萬桶。此前,美國、以色列和伊朗之間的衝突爆發,導致至關重要的霍爾木茲海峽實際上關閉。 此次供應中斷迫使歐洲進口創紀錄數量的北美原油和成品油,同時向亞洲出口過剩的汽油和燃料油。 伍德麥肯茲海事團隊分析師哈維爾·索利斯(Javier Solis)表示:「這並非暫時的供應中斷,而是全球能源流動結構性的轉變。歐洲柴油短缺和汽油過剩,加上亞洲作為平衡閥的作用,共同構成了一個不斷變化的格局,在這個格局中,價格和流量仍然與政治決策緊密相關,而非純粹的商業燃料訊號是來自美國汽油的生產油廠。儘管柴油供應持續緊張,價格徘徊在每公升2歐元以上,原因是美國進口柴油價格高昂,以及霍爾木茲海峽原油供應中斷加劇了這一局面。 伍德麥肯茲分析師表示:“歐洲柴油市場面臨結構性缺口,這是由多種因素造成的。360萬噸來自中東海灣和印度的餾分油被重新導向東方,導致傳統的西向供應中斷。波羅的海柴油出口暴跌76.7%,又失去了一個重要的供應來源。” 他們表示,由於結構性供應限制,預計2026年下半年,歐洲柴油溢價將保持在高位,而汽油供應過剩的情況可能持續,歐洲大陸的煉油廠將面臨持續的利潤壓力。 蘇伊士運河以東地區,歐洲無鉛汽油出口量較上季增加79.7%,達591,685噸,主要出口至巴基斯坦和南非。同時,燃料油出口也加速成長,新加坡佔歐洲供應量的336,260噸,艾因蘇赫納、休士頓和鹿特丹也吸收了部分供應。 同時,亞洲已成為過剩供應的釋放管道,吸收了來自歐洲的過剩汽油和燃料油,以及創紀錄的北美原油供應量。同期,美國原油流向亞洲的量與歐洲相近,為141萬桶/日,其中印度和東亞佔了大部分。 分析師表示:“東亞已成為加拿大西海岸原油出口的最大目的地。亞洲市場將區域餾分油內部儲存,將乙二醇和印度柴油集中向東輸送,而不是像傳統方式那樣向西輸送。”
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