-- 伍德麥肯茲策略師週五在一份報告中指出,中東衝突正在擾亂太陽能專案的執行,延緩替代製造中心的建設,加劇全球供應鏈緊張,並重新帶來成本壓力。 伍德麥肯茲高級研究分析師兼全球太陽能供應鏈主管亞娜·赫里什科表示,該地區在建項目正受到短期影響,目前約有110吉瓦的太陽能裝置容量正在建設或處於開發後期階段。 由於物流和運輸路線的不確定性日益增加,開發商和工程、採購及施工承包商正在推遲發貨、調整交付計劃並重新評估採購時間表。 主要海上通道風險的上升推高了運費和保險成本,預計將使區域項目資本支出增加1%至3%,而某些項目的調試時間也被推遲了數月。 赫里什科表示,這種混亂局面正在蔓延至全球市場。自衝突爆發以來,從中國到歐洲的運輸成本不斷攀升,其中前往鹿特丹的航線上漲了約18%,前往南歐的航線上漲了約10%。 開發商正在消化這些成本上漲,這與先前預期太陽能產業成本持續下降的趨勢截然相反。 儘管短期影響顯著,但伍德麥肯茲的分析師表示,其長期影響可能更為深遠。 中東地區憑藉低成本能源、優惠的產業政策以及毗鄰主要市場的地理優勢,正逐漸崛起為潛在的太陽能製造中心。 伍德麥肯茲宣布,該地區組件、電池和上游環節的產能已超過30吉瓦,旨在滿足國內和出口需求。 然而,持續不斷的衝突正在延緩專案進度,推遲投資決策,並將重點轉向提升營運韌性。 此次生產放緩不僅限於組件組裝,還波及到太陽能玻璃、鋁製框架和安裝支架等關鍵配套組件,而這些組件對於建造具有競爭力的本地供應鏈至關重要。 伍德麥肯茲預測,全球供應鏈多元化進程可能因此停滯。這次中斷非但沒有加速替代製造基地的發展,反而加劇了對現有供應鏈的依賴,尤其是在中國,因為中國的規模和成本優勢仍然無可匹敵。 同樣,美國上游供應的脆弱性也日益凸顯。儘管預計到2026年,美國組件組裝產能將達到50-60吉瓦,但國內太陽能電池產量仍有限,導致製造商依賴進口。 伍德麥肯茲指出,這些供應中有相當一部分來自目前面臨地緣政治風險加劇的地區,例如阿曼和衣索比亞。 該顧問公司預測,如果供應中斷成為現實,美國可能會失去20-25%的外部電池供應,這可能導致電池價格每瓦上漲0.2至0.4美元,並影響專案的經濟效益和擴張計畫。
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