-- 伍德麥肯茲(Wood Mackenzie)週二在一份報告中指出,北美天然氣市場今夏將面臨複雜局面,產量增長有限,而出口能力卻大幅擴張。 報告稱,受東北部和二疊紀盆地管道輸送能力問題的限制,美國本土48州(除阿拉斯加和夏威夷外)的天然氣產量今夏僅會小幅增長。 伍德麥肯茲分析師指出,儘管管道瓶頸依然存在,但新建液化天然氣接收站和全球供應中斷的疊加效應,為天然氣價格建構了結構性支撐。 分析師預計,隨著基礎設施限制的緩解,產量反彈要到2026年底才會出現。 隨著兩個大型專案大幅增加產能,出口格局正在改變。 切尼爾能源公司(Cheniere Energy)的科珀斯克里斯蒂液化天然氣項目6號生產線預計5月全面投產,7號生產線將於夏末投產。 同時,金山口液化天然氣計畫(Golden Pass LNG)計畫於6月將1號生產線的產能提升至每日8億立方英尺。 報告指出,此次原料氣需求激增標誌著與以往夏季液化天然氣市場模式的轉變,以往夏季液化天然氣市場通常因颶風風險而被視為利空因素。 在美國,居民用電量仍然是主要的需求驅動因素,這主要得益於家庭用電量的增加以及天然氣在電網穩定中的關鍵作用。 墨西哥電力產業正經歷結構性成長。預計科斯塔阿祖爾能源項目(Energia Costa Azul)的投產將引發原料氣需求的“階躍式變化”,但伍德麥肯茲也指出了一些風險,包括項目可能延期以及夏季降雨量高於平均水平。 同時,地緣政治不穩定正顯著重塑市場格局。 伊朗持續不斷的衝突已對卡達拉斯拉凡出口樞紐造成長期損害,可能需要五年時間才能完全復原。 伍德麥肯茲表示,全球供應的大幅減少為美國液化天然氣創造了「能源安全溢價」。 伍德麥肯茲認為,這使得美國成為能源密集產業更具吸引力的中心,進一步使國內計畫免受價格相關風險的影響。
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