-- 伍德麥肯茲(Wood Mackenzie)週四在一份報告中指出,全球約30家最大的勘探和生產公司在2025年至2040年間的產量預計將下降近40%。 伍德麥肯茲分析師表示:“上游產業面臨著巨大且持續的挑戰。僅就液態烴而言,根據我們的基本預測(不考慮儲量升級),到2050年,現有油田的產量將比滿足累計需求所需的近1萬億桶缺口3000億桶。” 研究人員表示,勘探可以透過發現具有優勢的油氣資源來創造價值,從而替代成本更高或存在其他劣勢的資源,無論是石油還是天然氣。 假設布蘭特原油長期價格為每桶65美元,扣除970億美元的勘探支出後,2021年至2025年間,上游產業創造了約540億美元的價值。根據這份報告,如果布蘭特原油價格為每桶85美元,這一數字將上升至1,200億美元。 同期,石油業在勘探方面的支出基本上保持穩定,年均支出為190億美元,共鑽探633口井。然而,伍德麥肯茲公司表示,到2025年,平均支出將降至160億美元,鑽探388口井,這是一種「異常現象」。 分析師表示:“投資的韌性反映了上游價值鏈尖端環節的長期性,儘管鑽機日租金幾乎翻了一番,而鑽機日租金在油井成本中佔很大比例。” 報告指出,水深超過1500公尺的超深水油氣勘探開發提供了創造高價值的最大機遇,但只有少數幾家公司,包括七大能源巨頭和幾家國家石油公司,展現了營運此類資產的風險承受能力和技能。 在過去五年中,此類重大發現包括埃克森美孚(XOM)在圭亞那、埃尼(E)在科特迪瓦、印尼和塞浦路斯、英國石油公司(BP)在巴西以及土耳其石油公司(TPAO)在黑海的發現。 報導補充說:“前沿勘探者正在將目光投向勘探程度較低的盆地,包括巴西的亞馬遜河口盆地,以及安哥拉、蘇利南和其他地區現有油氣藏的延伸區域。”
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