-- 麥肯茲(Wood Mackenzie)週三在一份報告中指出,由於伊朗戰爭導致中東能源供應中斷,各國爭相尋求替代能源以確保電力供應,全球對動力煤的需求和價格因此飆升。 自2月底戰爭爆發以來,霍爾木茲海峽水道實際上已經關閉,嚴重影響了石油和液化天然氣的供應。 然而,由於包括澳洲、印尼、俄羅斯、南非和哥倫比亞在內的主要出口國並不直接依賴該航道,因此對動力煤貿易的影響甚微。 伍德麥肯茲分析師表示,液化天然氣供應中斷和天然氣價格上漲帶來的顯著連鎖反應,導致亞洲和歐洲等對價格敏感的市場更傾向轉向煤炭。 伍德麥肯茲大宗商品首席分析師蘇什米塔·瓦茲拉尼(Sushmita Vazirani)表示:“在如此大規模的供應衝擊下,煤炭成為保障能源安全的關鍵後備方案。” “儘管亞洲各國都做出了脫碳承諾,但液化天然氣供應趨緊和價格高企正在加速燃料重新轉向煤炭。” 3月份,紐卡斯爾離岸價(FOB)6000千卡/公斤煤炭的平均價格為每噸126美元,近期交易價格上漲至每噸132美元,而2月份的價格為每噸114美元。 伍德麥肯茲表示,戰前每噸約112美元的邊際成本可能會進一步上漲,原油價格上漲預計將部分解釋這一飆升。 報告指出,原油價格每上漲10美元/桶,煤礦場地成本就會上漲1至3美元/噸,這將增加劇本已緊張的市場壓力。 「柴油價格上漲給煤炭生產商造成了成本壓力,而市場要求增加供應。在澳大利亞,對進口柴油的嚴重依賴增加了額外的風險,可能會限制產量並加劇全球市場的緊張局勢,」瓦茲拉尼說。
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