-- 联合国周四表示,尽管航运中断和安全风险依然严峻,但美伊停火为重新开放霍尔木兹海峡——全球能源供应的重要通道——带来了谨慎的希望。 霍尔木兹海峡连接阿拉伯湾和阿曼湾,自2月份中东冲突爆发以来,已成为冲突热点,推高了油价,并威胁着海上安全。 联合国表示,停火后的早期信号喜忧参半。美国和伊朗计划于周末在巴基斯坦举行会谈,以巩固停火并为更广泛的局势降级铺平道路。 霍尔木兹海峡是沙特阿拉伯、伊拉克和阿联酋等主要产油国能源出口的关键过境通道,即使是有限的中断也会对全球产生影响,从能源价格飙升到供应链延迟。 经该水道的航运量已大幅下降。国际海事组织报告称,冲突爆发前,每天约有150艘船只通过该海峡。 冲突爆发后,每天通过该海峡的船只数量骤降至四五艘,且大多仅限于被伊朗当局认定为“非敌对”的船只。 国际海事组织(IMO)估计,目前约有2000艘船只,包括油轮、天然气轮、散货船和货船,以及约2万名海员滞留在阿拉伯湾。 联合国海事机构已记录到该地区发生21起针对国际航运的袭击事件,造成10人死亡,多人受伤。 “停火对于等待撤离的2万名海员来说无疑是个好消息,”国际海事组织海上安全司司长达米安·舍瓦利耶表示。舍瓦利耶说,许多海员已经在“紧张动荡的局势”中度过了一个多月。 国际海事组织正与相关各方合作,建立船舶安全通过海峡的机制,优先考虑撤离滞留船员和恢复航行安全。 “现在的首要任务是确保航行安全,以保障人员撤离。我们不希望看到局势再次升级,”谢瓦利耶说道。 霍尔木兹海峡的重新开放被广泛认为是稳定全球能源流动的关键。联合国表示,预计航运将沿着既定航线恢复,这些航线将按照交通分离方案进行管理。该方案由伊朗和阿曼提出,并已被国际海事组织采纳,用于规范海上交通。 然而,业内人士可能会采取谨慎的态度。“船舶运营商需要仔细评估风险状况,”谢瓦利耶说道,并补充说,恢复正常贸易取决于海上安全状况的持续改善。
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