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伊朗停火協議提振霍爾木茲海峽重新開放的希望,但風險仍然存在,聯合國表示。

-- 聯合國週四表示,儘管航運中斷和安全風險依然嚴峻,但美伊停火為重新開放霍爾木茲海峽——全球能源供應的重要通道——帶來了謹慎的希望。 霍爾木茲海峽連接阿拉伯灣和阿曼灣,自2月中東衝突爆發以來,已成為衝突熱點,推高了油價,並威脅海上安全。 聯合國表示,停火後的早期訊號喜憂參半。美國和伊朗計劃於週末在巴基斯坦舉行會談,以鞏固停火並為更廣泛的局勢降級鋪平道路。 霍爾木茲海峽是沙烏地阿拉伯、伊拉克和阿聯酋等主要產油國能源出口的關鍵過境通道,即使是有限的中斷也會對全球產生影響,從能源價格飆升到供應鏈延遲。 經該水道的航運量已大幅下降。國際海事組織報告稱,衝突爆發前,每天約有150艘船通過該海峽。 衝突爆發後,每天通過該海峽的船隻數量驟降至四、五艘,且大多僅限於被伊朗當局認定為「非敵對」的船隻。 國際海事組織(IMO)估計,目前約有2,000艘船隻,包括油輪、天然氣輪、散裝貨船和貨船,以及約2萬名海員滯留在阿拉伯灣。 聯合國海事機構已記錄到該地區發生21起針對國際航運的攻擊事件,造成10人死亡,多人受傷。 「停火對於等待撤離的2萬名海員來說無疑是個好消息,」國際海事組織海上安全司司長達米安·舍瓦利耶表示。舍瓦利耶說,許多海員已經在「緊張動盪的局勢」中度過了一個多月。 國際海事組織正與相關各方合作,建立船舶安全通過海峽的機制,優先考慮撤離滯留船員和恢復航行安全。 「現在的首要任務是確保航行安全,以保障人員撤離。我們不希望看到局勢再次升級,」謝瓦利耶說。 霍爾木茲海峽的重新開放被廣泛認為是穩定全球能源流動的關鍵。聯合國表示,預計航運將沿著既定航線恢復,這些航線將按照交通分離方案進行管理。該方案由伊朗和阿曼提出,並已被國際海事組織採納,用於規範海上交通。 然而,業內人士可能會採取謹慎的態度。 「船舶營運商需要仔細評估風險狀況,」謝瓦利耶說道,並補充說,恢復正常貿易取決於海上安全狀況的持續改善。

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