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东京通胀率触及四年低点,油价和日元走势令经济前景蒙上阴影

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-- 东京通胀再次失去动力,凸显了日本央行在物价压力不均衡上升的情况下所面临的困境。4月份,东京核心消费者价格指数(CPI)上涨1.5%,为四年来最低增速,连续第三个月低于央行2%的目标。 该数据标志着连续第五个月放缓,且低于市场预期。剔除生鲜食品和能源价格的窄幅CPI(同样受到政策制定者的密切关注)上涨1.9%,也较上月有所回落。 通胀数据疲软部分反映了政府的燃油补贴和一些一次性因素,例如托儿所费用的大幅下降,以及耐用品和加工食品价格涨幅的放缓。能源价格继续下降,但速度有所放缓。 然而,这种平静可能不会持续。与中东冲突相关的油价上涨和日元走软预计将在未来几个月推高进口成本。 据路透社报道,Sompo Institute Plus高级经济学家小池正人表示:“由于中东冲突带来的成本推动因素,核心消费者通胀可能加速,这不仅会推高能源价格,还会推高各种商品的价格。” 前景已使政策决策变得复杂。 本周,日本央行在意见分歧的情况下维持利率不变,尽管一些官员倾向于收紧货币政策。行长上田一夫暗示政策将保持灵活,这意味着在经济增长风险加剧的情况下,央行仍需观望。 汇率波动也使情况更加复杂。日元兑美元汇率一度跌至160日元附近,当局随即出手干预外汇市场以支撑日元,这凸显了市场对日元持续疲软可能进一步推高进口成本的担忧。

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