-- カナダ銀行は水曜日、中東紛争と米国の貿易政策による世界貿易パターンの変化に伴う「ボラティリティの高まり」を理由に、政策金利を2.25%に据え置いた。「これらはいずれも継続的な不確実性の要因である」と同行は述べた。 同行は、政策理事会は戦争がインフレに及ぼす直接的な影響を見極めつつも、エネルギー価格の高騰が持続的なインフレにつながることを容認しないと述べた。「見通しが変化するにつれて、必要に応じて対応する用意がある。カナダ銀行は、この世界的な混乱期において、カナダ国民の物価安定に対する信頼を維持することに尽力する」と付け加えた。 カナダ銀行の声明によると、カナダの経済成長見通しは、1月の金融政策報告書の予測から変更はない。 声明はさらに、「2025年第4四半期の景気後退後、2026年初頭には成長が再開すると予測される。個人消費と政府支出が経済活動を支えている一方、関税と貿易をめぐる不確実性が輸出と企業投資の重荷となっている。住宅市場は第4四半期に低迷し、人口増加の鈍化、経済の不確実性、そして住宅価格の高騰問題が引き続き抑制要因となっている。労働市場は軟調で、過去1年間の雇用増加は低調であり、米国の関税対象となったセクターでは雇用が減少する。失業率は6.5%から7%の範囲で推移しており、これは雇用の低迷と求職者数の減少の両方を反映している」と付け加えた。 「中央銀行の4月の予測では、2026年のGDP成長率は1.2%、2027年には1.6%、2028年には1.7%に上昇すると見込まれている。これは、輸出と企業投資の伸びが緩やかな軌道で再開するためである。GDPが潜在成長率をわずかに上回る成長を遂げることで、現在の経済における過剰供給は徐々に吸収されるだろう。」イラン戦争によってGDP構成は変化する可能性があるものの、最新の予測ではGDP成長率に大きな変化は見られません。カナダは石油の純輸出国であるため、ガソリン価格の上昇によって消費者が圧迫される一方で、原油価格の上昇は国民所得の増加につながります。 「3月の消費者物価指数(CPI)上昇率は、ガソリン価格の急激な上昇により2.4%に上昇しました。この上昇は、数ヶ月にわたるインフレ率の鈍化傾向に続くものです。コアインフレ率は緩和傾向にあり、直近のインフレ報告では2%強で安定しています。CPI構成銘柄のうち、3%以上上昇した銘柄の割合もここ数ヶ月で減少しています。予想通り、今のところ原油価格の上昇が財・サービス価格全体に広く波及している兆候はほとんど見られませんが、今後数ヶ月間は注意深く見守る必要があります。ガソリン価格の上昇と依然として高水準にある食料価格の上昇に伴い、短期的なインフレ期待は上昇していますが、長期的なインフレ期待は横ばい状態が続いています。 「4月のCPI上昇率はさらに上昇し、約3%になる見込みです。」原油価格が緩和するという前提に基づき、インフレ率は来年初めに目標の2%まで低下し、予測期間を通じて2%前後で推移すると予測される。 こうした背景と現在の予測を踏まえ、政策理事会は政策金利を2.25%に据え置くことを決定した。
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