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イラン戦争による原油価格ショックを受け、日本の製造業景況感は3年ぶりに大幅下落

-- 日本の製造業景況感は4月に3年以上ぶりの大幅な低下を記録した。これは、原油価格の高騰と中東紛争に関連したサプライチェーンの混乱が主な要因となっていることがロイター通信による短観の最新調査で明らかになった。

4月1日から10日にかけて実施されたこの調査は、日本銀行が四半期ごとに発表する短観指数の先行指標となるもので、前月比11ポイント減のプラス7となった。これは3カ月ぶりのマイナスで、2023年1月以来最大の落ち込みとなる。

日本は原油の約95%を中東に依存しているため、企業はあらゆる供給ショックに対して非常に脆弱だ。ホルムズ海峡の閉鎖はエネルギー輸送を阻害し、半導体需要に支えられていた最近の楽観的な見方を覆した、と同報告書は指摘している。

最も大きな打撃を受けたのは素材セクターだった。化学業界の景況感は3月のプラス21から4月にはマイナス8へと急落し、経営陣は原材料費の高騰、不安定な調達状況、出荷を阻害する原材料供給の制約をその理由として挙げた、と報告書は述べている。

一方、輸送機械(自動車を含む)の景況感はプラス36からプラス20へと比較的緩やかな落ち込みにとどまった。非製造業の景況感は建設、不動産、情報サービスにおける堅調な需要に支えられ、プラス25からプラス31へと改善した、とロイター通信は報じている。

今後の見通しとして、製造業は景況感が7月までにプラス2までさらに悪化すると予想しており、非製造業も同様にプラス14まで冷え込むと見ている。ある機械メーカーは、イラン紛争の長期化は顧客の投資延期につながる可能性が高いことを警告した、と報告書は伝えている。

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